Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for transmitting and receiving a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) are provided. A base station may perform a first scrambling process on PBCHs in a time period before a channel coding, and perform a second scrambling process after the channel coding. PHCH payloads and PBCH DMRS may provide information bits to be used in the scrambling processes. A wireless user device may receive one or more PBCHs transmitted from the base station.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating text from an image may comprise: a memory configured to store at least one instruction; and a processor configured to execute the at least one instruction, wherein the processor is further configured to generate encoding information for an image based on the image and extract text information related to content of the image based on a degree of association with the encoding information.

Abstract: A solid oxide cell stack includes first and second interconnects, a solid oxide cell disposed between the first and second interconnects, and a porous metal foam between the first interconnect and the solid oxide cell, wherein the porous metal foam includes a carbon nanostructure formed on a surface thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing an aldehyde including forming a reaction product including an aldehyde by reacting an olefin-based compound with a synthetic gas in a hydroformylation reactor in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst; introducing the reaction product including the aldehyde to a vaporizer; separating low-boiling point components of the reaction product from an upper part of a vaporizer catch pot included in the vaporizer; separating high-boiling point components of the reaction product from a lower part of the vaporizer catch pot; and recirculating at least a portion of the low-boiling point components separated from an upper part of the vaporizer catch pot back to the vaporizer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a bottom cover; a backlight unit disposed over the bottom cover and including a light source and a reflector sheet; and a liquid crystal panel disposed over the backlight unit, wherein the reflector sheet includes first and second sheet portions adjacent to each other in a first direction and at least one first reflective tape fixing the first and second sheet portions, and wherein the at least one first reflective tape includes a plurality of cutouts extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: An air conditioner includes an outdoor unit, a plurality of mode change devices including at least one mode changer including a branch duct and a changing valve, and configured to receive a control signal from the outdoor unit to control an operation of the at least one mode changer. A plurality of indoor units are connected to the outdoor unit or the plurality of mode change devices. The outdoor unit may determine an operation mode to operate the plurality of mode change devices a plurality of times. Each of the plurality of indoor units may detect a temperature change of an indoor heat exchanger in response to the operation of the mode change devices, to determine the number of connected mode changers and a connectable mode changer candidate group based on the temperature change of the indoor heat exchanger.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for assisting the reading of a medical image based on a medical artificial neural network, the apparatus including a computing system. An apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a computing system, and the computing system includes at least one processor. The at least one processor acquires or receives a first analysis result obtained through the inference of a first artificial neural network for a first medical image, generates a first visualization format, which is a representative visualization format of the first medical image, based on the first analysis result, and visualizes the first medical image and the first analysis result based on the first visualization format.

Abstract: There are provided a gate driver and a display device including the same. The gate driver includes: a first scan driver; a first sensing driver; a first scan clock line; and a first sensing clock line. The first scan clock line includes a first scan clock main line extending in one direction, and a first scan clock connection line connected to the first scan clock main line and the first scan driver. The first sensing clock line includes a first sensing clock main line extending in one direction, and a first sensing clock connection line connected to the first sensing clock main line and the first sensing driver. The first scan clock main line is closer to each of the first scan driver and the first sensing driver than the first sensing clock main line.

Abstract: Provided is a cooling device capable of controlling the temperature of an upper portion of a reactor, or more particularly, a gas supply device, for example, a shower head. The cooling device includes a separator configured to uniformly and efficiently cool the gas supply device.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display including the same are provided. The polarizing plate is composed of a display region and a non-display region surrounding the display region, and includes: a polarizer; and a bonding layer and a first polarizer protective film sequentially stacked on an upper surface of the polarizer. A light shielding layer includes a UV absorbent material and is embedded in the bonding layer to constitute at least a portion of the non-display region. The light shielding layer is formed on at least one surface of the first polarizer protective film.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a catalyst for an upgrading reaction of biomass pyrolysis oil, a method for preparing the same, and a method for upgrading biomass pyrolysis oil using the same. The catalyst is a composite inorganic oxide, and the composite inorganic oxide includes lanthanum, nickel, titanium, and cerium. When a metal catalyst supported on carbon is used as a catalyst for a first step reaction, by using the catalyst as a catalyst for a second step reaction, the efficiency of the upgrading reaction of bio-oil is increased and a continuous reaction is possible without clogging of a continuous reactor.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a bottom cover, a backlight unit disposed over the bottom cover and including a light source and a reflector sheet; and a liquid crystal panel disposed over the backlight unit, wherein the reflector sheet includes first and second sheet portions adjacent to each other in a first direction and at least one first reflective tape fixing the first and second sheet portions, and wherein the at least one first reflective tape includes a plurality of cutouts extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: An automatic arrangement method and device may receive pattern information for each pattern including shapes and sizes of patterns constituting a garment. Arrangement points at which the patterns are to be initially arranged on a three-dimensional (3D) avatar are predicted by applying the pattern information for each pattern to a neural network model trained to classify and arrange the patterns based on confidence scores calculated based on the pattern information. The patterns are arranged on the 3D avatar based on the arrangement points.

Abstract: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) compounds, and methods of using the same for treating bone fractures. treating osteoporosis and/or metabolic bone diseases. and inducing osteogenesis and/or chondrogenesis, are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing positioning reference signal are disclosed. A method may include receiving, by a narrow-band (NB) user equipment (UE), positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration information, determining, by the NB UE, narrowband PRS (NB PRS) configuration information for the NB UE, the NB PRS configuration information comprising information of an NB PRS reference cell that generates an NB PRS for the NB UE, determining, by the NB UE, PRS configuration information for a UE, the UE being assigned to use a frequency band unavailable for the NB UE, and the PRS configuration information comprising information of a PRS reference cell that generates a PRS for the UE, generating, based on the NB PRS configuration information and the PRS configuration information, a reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurement, and transmitting, by the NB UE, the RSTD measurement.

Abstract: A control method of an air conditioning system for compressor protection includes, when an air conditioner turn-on request is present, determining, by a controller, whether a compressor operating condition is satisfied from a refrigerant state of an air conditioner, when the compressor operating condition is determined as being satisfied, determining, by the controller, whether the vehicle is in a state of being unattended for a long period of time using information collected from a vehicle, when the vehicle is determined as being in a state of being unattended for a long period of time, performing, by the controller, pre-run control for operating the compressor in a predetermined minimum load condition; and when a pre-run operating time for which the compressor is operated in a minimum load condition reaches a predetermined pre-run holding time, interrupting, by the controller, the pre-run control with respect to the compressor.

Abstract: Provided are a silicon nitride film etching composition, a method of etching a silicon nitride film using the same, and a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device. Specifically, a silicon nitride film may be highly selectively etched as compared with a silicon oxide film, and when the composition is applied to an etching process at a high temperature and a semiconductor manufacturing process, not only no precipitate occurs but also anomalous growth in which the thickness of the silicon oxide film is rather increased does not occur, thereby minimizing defects and reliability reduction.

Abstract: A transformer-based amplifier, an operating method thereof, and devices including the same are disclosed. A millimeter wave amplifier includes a first transformer positioned on an input side of the millimeter wave amplifier, a second transformer positioned on an output side of the millimeter wave amplifier, and one or more of amplification stages positioned between the first transformer and the second transformer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to entangled-type carbon nanotubes which have a bulk density of 31 kg/m3 to 85 kg/m3 and a ratio of tapped bulk density to bulk density of 1.37 to 2.05, and a method for preparing the entangled-type carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a video decoding method and apparatus and a video encoding method and apparatus. Coding decision information of a representative channel of a target block is shared as coding decision information of a target channel of the target block, and decoding of the target block is performed using the coding decision information of the target channel. Since the coding decision information of the representative channel is shared with an additional channel, repeated signaling of identical coding decision information may be prevented. By means of this prevention, the efficiency of encoding and decoding of the target block or the like may be improved.