Abstract: A memory device detects and correct bit errors. The memory device includes cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and error correction code (ECC) circuits. The CRC circuit generates a write CRC code corresponding to data to be stored in memory cells. The ECC circuit generates an ECC code corresponding to the data and detecting and correcting a bit error of the data by means of the ECC code during a read operation. The CRC circuit generates a read CRC code corresponding to data corrected by the ECC circuit during the read operation, and detects a bit error of the data according to a comparison of the read CRC code and the write CRC code.

Abstract: An embodiment of a data storage apparatus includes a storage medium, a flash memory buffer configured to store write data to be written in the storage medium, and a controller configured to compare the amount of unused space in the flash memory buffer to a first reference value, compare the amount of valid data in the flash memory buffer to a second reference value, and in response to the comparisons, conducts either a block reclaim operation on the flash memory buffer or a buffer flash operation to transfer valid data from the flash memory buffer to the storage medium. An embodiment of a method for managing a data storage apparatus includes determining when to perform a reclaim operation on a nonvolatile memory buffer, and performing the reclaim operation by moving data either physically or virtually within the nonvolatile memory buffer.

Abstract: Provided are a storage apparatus using a non-volatile memory as a cache and a method of operating the same, in which the non-volatile memory is used as the cache so as to preserve data even when electricity is interrupted. The storage apparatus using a non-volatile memory as a cache includes a main storage medium, the non-volatile memory being used as the cache of the main storage medium and having a stationary region and a non-stationary region divided according to whether data are fixed, and a block management unit managing blocks allocated in the non-volatile memory.

Abstract: A storage apparatus using a non-volatile memory, which retains data even after power interruption, as its cache and a method of managing the same are provided. The storage apparatus includes a main storage medium, a non-volatile memory used as a cache of the main storage medium, a region of the non-volatile memory being divided into a fixed region and a non-fixed region according to whether or not data is fixed, and a block management unit managing physical blocks by means of virtual addresses, the physical blocks being allocated to the non-volatile memory.

Abstract: A hard disk drive is disclosed and related methods of reading/writing data are disclosed. The hard disk drive includes a disk serving as a main data storage medium, and first and second buffers storing data to be stored on the disk, as well as a controller defining a data I/O path in relation to a detected operating state of the hard disk drive.

Abstract: A memory system comprises a flash memory and a controller comprising a control logic circuit and a working memory storing a flash translation layer. The memory system performs a merge operation by selectively copying a page from a first block of the flash memory to a second block of the flash memory. Where the page is valid and marked as allocated according to a file allocation table stored in the flash memory, the page is copied to the second block. However, where the page is valid and marked as deleted in the file allocation table, the page is not copied to the second block.