Abstract: An optical imaging system is provided. The optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, and a fourth lens arranged in order from an object side toward an image plane, wherein the first lens may be formed of glass, and wherein a conditional expression 70<v1 and 0.8?OAL/f?0.9 may be satisfied, where v1 is an Abbe number of the first lens, OAL is a distance from an object-side surface of the first lens to the image plane, and f is a total focal length of the optical imaging system.

Abstract: The lighting device disclosed at an embodiment of the invention comprises: a reflective member; a resin layer disposed on the reflective member; a light emitting device disposed to correspond to one side surface of the resin layer; and a light wavelength conversion layer disposed on one surface of the resin layer. The light wavelength conversion layer includes a main phosphor pattern disposed in a long axis direction of the resin layer, the main phosphor pattern includes a first unit-phosphor pattern disposed in a first region and a second unit-phosphor pattern disposed in a second region, the first region may be located closer to the light emitting device than the second region, and a width of the first unit-phosphor pattern may be less than a width of the second unit-phosphor pattern.

Abstract: A ledger information access system having a plurality of storage spaces, according to the present invention, comprises: a transaction packer for adding, to generated transaction proposals, key information corresponding to a transaction request; a transaction aggregator, which separates common keyset information from common transaction batch information according to the common transaction batch information, so as to transmit each to a predefined execution node group; at least one transaction executor, which belongs to the execution node group, executes a simulation for transaction proposals included in the common transaction batch information transmitted from the transaction aggregator, and transmits the common keyset information; and a ledger manager which includes a plurality of storage spaces for storing each of a plurality of part blocks in which pieces of transaction information constituting one block connected to a blockchain are distributed, and which reads, from the plurality of storage spaces, pieces

Abstract: A system for accessing ledger information by using common keyset information according to the present invention comprises: a transaction packer for adding key information corresponding to a transaction request to a generated transaction proposal; a transaction aggregator for generating common transaction batch information and common keyset information corresponding to the transaction proposal according to the key information included in the transaction proposal received from the transaction packer, and transmitting the common transaction batch information and the common keyset information to each execution node group distinguished and predesignated with regard to the common transaction batch information; at least one transaction executor for executing a simulation regarding the transaction proposals included in the common transaction batch information transmitted from the transaction aggregator, which belongs to the execution node group, and transferring the common keyset information; and a ledger manager for

Abstract: A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium-nickel metal oxide particle having a form of a secondary particle in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated therein. The lithium-nickel metal oxide particle includes a penetration region formed in an area extending from a surface to a point 70% or less of a radius of the particle in a direction to a center of the particle. The penetration region includes a tungsten compound at an interface between the primary particles. A relative standard deviation (RSD) value calculated from results of measuring a tungsten content from the surface of the secondary particle to a depth of 10 10 nm 10 times at different points using an X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is in a range from 10% to 40%.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium secondary battery including a silicon-based anode active material for a lithium secondary battery and an anode formed using the same. The silicon-based anode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to exemplary embodiments includes a surface coated with carbon and doped with lithium. A ratio of a peak area at 102.5 eV to a total area of a peak area at 100 eV, the peak area at 102.5 eV, and a peak area at 104 eV, which appear in an Si2p spectrum when measuring by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), is 40% or less, thereby allowing an electrode to be stably manufactured without changing physical properties of the slurry during manufacturing the electrode. In addition, the anode active material for a secondary battery may be usefully used to manufacture a lithium secondary battery having high discharge capacity and high energy density characteristics.

Abstract: A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium-transition metal oxide particle containing phosphorus introduced into the particle, and a coating formed on at least a portion of a surface of the lithium-transition metal oxide particle. The coating includes a phosphorus-containing compound. A content of phosphorus introduced into the lithium-transition metal oxide particle is in a range from 15 wt % to 30 wt % based on a sum of a weight of phosphorus introduced into the lithium-transition metal oxide particle and a weight of phosphorus contained in the coating.

Abstract: An anode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a carbon-based particle including pores therein, a silicon-containing coating layer formed at an inside the pores of the carbon-based particle or on a surface of the carbon-based particle, and a carbon coating layer formed on the silicon-containing coating layer. A full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an O1s peak of a surface measured by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is 2.0 or more. A lithium secondary battery including the anode active material having improved initial discharge capacity and capacity efficiency is provided.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a preliminary lithium metal oxide particle is prepared. The preliminary lithium metal oxide particle is cleaned using a boron compound cleaning solution. A cathode active material for a lithium secondary particle includes a lithium metal oxide particle where a ratio of a B+ peak intensity relative to a sum of peak intensities of Li+, B+ and LiB+ fragments by a TOF-SIMS analysis is in a range from 0.03% to 1.5%.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a preliminary lithium metal oxide particle is prepared. The preliminary lithium metal oxide particle is cleaned using a boron compound cleaning solution. A cathode active material for a lithium secondary particle includes a lithium metal oxide particle where a ratio of a B+ peak intensity relative to a sum of peak intensities of Li+, B+ and LiB+ fragments by a TOF-SIMS analysis is in a range from 0.03% to 1.5%.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery including a silicon oxide which includes a carbon coating layer on a surface thereof and is doped with magnesium. A ratio of peak area at 1303 eV to a sum of a peak area at 1304.5 eV and a peak area at 1303 eV, which appear in a Mg1s spectrum when measuring by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), is 60% or less.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery including a silicon oxide which includes a carbon coating layer on a surface thereof and is doped with magnesium. A ratio of peak area at 1303 eV to a sum of a peak area at 1304.5 eV and a peak area at 1303 eV, which appear in a Mg1s spectrum when measuring by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), is 60% or less.

Abstract: An anode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a carbon-based particle including pores therein, a silicon-containing coating layer formed at an inside the pores of the carbon-based particle or on a surface of the carbon-based particle, and a carbon coating layer formed on the silicon-containing coating layer. A full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an O1s peak of a surface measured by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is 2.0 or more. A lithium secondary battery including the anode active material having improved initial discharge capacity and capacity efficiency is provided.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium secondary battery including a silicon-based anode active material for a lithium secondary battery and an anode formed using the same. The silicon-based anode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to exemplary embodiments includes a surface coated with carbon and doped with lithium. A ratio of a peak area at 102.5 eV to a total area of a peak area at 100 eV, the peak area at 102.5 eV, and a peak area at 104 eV, which appear in an Si2p spectrum when measuring by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), is 40% or less, thereby allowing an electrode to be stably manufactured without changing physical properties of the slurry during manufacturing the electrode. In addition, the anode active material for a secondary battery may be usefully used to manufacture a lithium secondary battery having high discharge capacity and high energy density characteristics.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery including a silicon oxide which includes a carbon coating layer on a surface thereof and is doped with magnesium. A ratio of peak area at 1303 eV to a sum of a peak area at 1304.5 eV and a peak area at 1303 eV, which appear in a Mg1s spectrum when measuring by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), is 60% or less.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a preliminary lithium metal oxide particle is prepared. The preliminary lithium metal oxide particle is cleaned using a boron compound cleaning solution. A cathode active material for a lithium secondary particle includes a lithium metal oxide particle where a ratio of a B+ peak intensity relative to a sum of peak intensities of Li+, B+ and LiB+ fragments by a TOF-SIMS analysis is in a range from 0.03% to 1.5%.

Abstract: A Lactobacillus paraplantarum CK401 having an antiviral effect, and more specifically to novel kimchi-derived microorganism Lactobacillus paraplantarum CK401 having inhibitory activity against influenza viruses, particularly avian influenza virus, and the use thereof. According to the present invention, any one or more selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus paraplantarum CK401 KCTC 13287BP, a culture fluid of the Lactobacillus paraplantarum CK401 KCTC 13287BP, and a retentate of the culture fluid on a membrane filter having a molecular weight cutoff of 10 kD, have excellent antiviral activity, and thus may be usefully used for drugs, foods, fermented products, food additives, health supplements, feeds, feed additives, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a L-ascorbic acid derivative having an improved water-in-stability, represented by a following general formula (I): ##STR1## and a method for preparation thereof, and to a skin-whitening cosmetic composition containing the same as an active ingredient.