Abstract: A system on chip (SoC) includes an internal read-only memory (ROM) configured to store a first boot loader; a first internal static random access memory (SRAM) configured to receive a second boot loader output from a booting device, store the second boot loader, and perform a booting sequence according to control of the first boot loader; a second internal SRAM configured to receive a third boot loader output from the booting device, store the third boot loader, and perform a wake-up sequence according to control of the first boot loader; and a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) controller configured to load an operating system (OS) from the booting device into a DRAM according to control of the second boot loader.

Abstract: A spacer includes an outer circumferential surface in contact with a lens barrel, and an inner circumferential surface forming a hole for controlling an amount of light, a first length of the hole in a first direction, intersecting an optical axis, and a second length of the hole in a second direction, intersecting the optical axis, are different from each other, and a first distance from the outer circumferential surface to the inner circumferential surface, extended in the first direction, is less than a second distance from the outer circumferential surface to the inner circumferential surface, extended in the second direction.

Abstract: A lens assembly includes a lens including an optical portion refracting light and a flange portion extending along a portion of a circumference of the optical portion, a blocking member disposed in front of the lens and having an opening to allow light to be incident on the lens, and a lens barrel accommodating the lens. The optical portion is noncircular and a portion of the blocking member facing the optical portion in an optical axis direction is located to be higher than a portion of the blocking member facing the flange portion in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: A camera module includes: a lens module including a plurality of lenses; a housing accommodating the lens module; a reflection module disposed in front of the lens module; an image sensor module configured to receive light passing through the lens module; and a light blocking portion disposed in the housing and positioned in a space between the lens module and the image sensor module. The light blocking portion includes: a first light blocking plate including a first window having a first opening through which the light is allowed to pass; and a second light blocking plate including a second window having a second opening through which the light is allowed to pass. The first window includes a first inner wall including a first inclined surface, and the second window includes a second inner wall including a second inclined surface.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens having positive refractive power, a second lens, a third lens, and a fourth lens, arranged sequentially from an object side along an optical axis. The first lens through the fourth lens are spaced apart from each other along the optical axis in a paraxial region. A total focal length f of a lens unit including the first lens through the fourth lens and half (IMG HT) of a diagonal length of an imaging surface of an image sensor satisfy f/IMG HT>4.9. An effective aperture radius of an object-side surface of the first lens and an effective aperture radius of an object-side surface of the second lens are both greater than effective aperture radii of an object-side surface and an image-side surface of each of the lenses other than the first lens and the second lens.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes: a first lens having a concave image-side surface; a second lens having refractive power; a third lens having a concave image-side surface; a fourth lens having a concave object-side surface or a convex image-side surface; a fifth lens having refractive power; a sixth lens having a concave image-side surface; and a seventh lens having negative refractive power. The first to seventh lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side and 1.62<(N2+N5+N6)/3, where N2 is a refractive index of the second lens, N5 is a refractive index of the fifth lens, and N6 is a refractive index of the sixth lens.

Abstract: A lens assembly includes a lens including an optical portion refracting light and a flange portion extending along a portion of a circumference of the optical portion, a blocking member disposed in front of the lens and having an opening to allow light to be incident on the lens, and a lens barrel accommodating the lens. The optical portion is noncircular and a portion of the blocking member facing the optical portion in an optical axis direction is located to be higher than a portion of the blocking member facing the flange portion in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: Devices and methods for detecting and correcting duty cycles are described. An input switching unit is configured to perform at least one of an operation of outputting differential input signals as a first combination of first and second output signals and an operation of outputting the differential input signals as a second combination of the first and second output signals, according to one of a plurality of control signals. A comparator is configured to receive the first output signal through a first input terminal thereof, to receive the second output signal through a second input terminal thereof, to generate duty detection signals by comparing the signal of the first input terminal and the signal of the second input terminal according to at least another one of the plurality of control signals, and to adjust an offset of at least one of the first input terminal and the second input terminal.

Abstract: A system on chip (SoC) includes an internal read-only memory (ROM) configured to store a first boot loader; a first internal static random access memory (SRAM) configured to receive a second boot loader output from a booting device, store the second boot loader, and perform a booting sequence according to control of the first boot loader; a second internal SRAM configured to receive a third boot loader output from the booting device, store the third boot loader, and perform a wake-up sequence according to control of the first boot loader; and a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) controller configured to load an operating system (OS) from the booting device into a DRAM according to control of the second boot loader.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes: a first lens having a concave image-side surface; a second lens having refractive power; a third lens having a concave image-side surface; a fourth lens having a concave object-side surface or a convex image-side surface; a fifth lens having refractive power; a sixth lens having a concave image-side surface; and a seventh lens having negative refractive power. The first to seventh lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side and 1.62<(N2+N5+N6)/3, where N2 is a refractive index of the second lens, N5 is a refractive index of the fifth lens, and N6 is a refractive index of the sixth lens.

Abstract: A mobile device and lens module including a lens barrel and a plurality of lenses sequentially stacked from an object side to an image side in the lens barrel, wherein the plurality of lenses includes one or more D-cut lenses having respective straight line rim portions, and wherein a straight line portion of a D-cut lens, of the one or more D-cut lenses, overlaps an image sensor for imaging light passing through the plurality of lenses.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. A buffer circuit, having improved reliability according to the present disclosure, includes a pause detector and an output signal controller. The pause detector receives an input signal and generates a pause signal which indicates whether the input signal is in a toggle state or a pause state. The output signal controller generates an output signal based on the input signal and controls a duty cycle of the output signal according to the pause signal.

Abstract: A lens assembly includes a lens including an optical portion refracting light and a flange portion extended along a periphery of at least a portion of the optical portion, and a lens barrel accommodating the lens. The lens includes a first D-cut portion on one side surface of the flange portion spaced apart from the lens barrel and a second D-cut portion on another side surface of the flange portion spaced apart from the lens barrel, wherein the first D-cut portion and the second D-cut portion each include first inclined surfaces, and the first inclined surfaces are spaced apart from respective ends of the first D-cut portion and the second D-cut portion by a predetermined interval.

Abstract: A method for generating a microglia-sufficient brain organoid comprising the step of incubating primitive-like macrophage cells with a brain organoid that is between about 15 to about 30 days old in cerebral organoid medium comprising CSF-1 in a low attachment cell culture vessel to generate microglia cells. The present invention also relates to a microglia-sufficient brain organoid obtained by the method as described herein.

Abstract: Provided is an organic-inorganic-hybrid thin film, which is provided in the form of a layered structure to prevent the scratching of the surface of a variety of kinds of displays, such as those of smartphones, tablet PCs, and laptop computers, and to fabricate ITO hard coating films, gas-barrier plates for flexible displays, and cover windows, and to a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, the organic-inorganic-hybrid thin film is provided in the form of a layered structure exhibiting the high light transmittance, mechanically flexible properties, lightweightness, and chemical resistance of a curable resin, and also ensuring the scratch resistance, heat dissipation performance, gas-barrier properties, and inherent refractive index matching of inorganic particles, thus exhibiting optical compensation effects, thereby increasing final surface hardness and satisfying barrier properties and index matching properties.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. A buffer circuit, performing an optimized operation according to the present disclosure, includes a pause detector, a toggle detector, and an output signal controller. The pause detector receives an input signal and generates a pause signal which indicates whether the input signal is in a pause state. The toggle detector receives the input signal and the pause signal and generates a toggle signal which indicates whether the input signal is in a toggle state. The output signal controller generates an output signal which controls input buffer circuits according to the toggle signal.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens sequentially disposed in numerical order along an optical axis of the optical imaging system from an object side of the optical imaging system toward an imaging plane of the optical imaging system, wherein the first to seventh lenses are spaced apart from each other along the optical axis, and the optical imaging system satisfies 0.1<L1w/L7w<0.4, where L1w is a weight of the first lens, L7w is a weight of the seventh lens, and L1w and L7w are expressed in a same unit of measurement.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens sequentially disposed in numerical order along an optical axis of the optical imaging system from an object side of the optical imaging system toward an imaging plane of the optical imaging system, wherein the first to seventh lenses are spaced apart from each other along the optical axis, and the optical imaging system satisfies 0.1<L1w/L7w<0.4, where L1w is a weight of the first lens, L7w is a weight of the seventh lens, and L1w and L7w are expressed in a same unit of measurement.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. A buffer circuit, having improved reliability according to the present disclosure, includes a pause detector and an output signal controller. The pause detector receives an input signal and generates a pause signal which indicates whether the input signal is in a toggle state or a pause state. The output signal controller generates an output signal based on the input signal and controls a duty cycle of the output signal according to the pause signal.