Abstract: An electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery includes a salt of metal element as an additive and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

Abstract: A signal conversion method and device for generating a modulation signal are provided. The signal conversion method includes receiving an input signal and a reflection coefficient of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) according to a sample time, selecting an optimized reflection coefficient of the RIS corresponding to the sample time, and generating the modulation signal by applying the optimized reflection coefficient of the RIS to the input signal.

Abstract: A sauce spreading apparatus according to the present invention includes: a stirring part including a stirring module provided to, by rotating, stir a semi-finished product together with an input seasoning so as to produce a product; an input part provided to move the semi-finished product forward so as to deliver same to the stirring module; and a discharge part provided to move forward the product discharged from the stirring part, so as to provide same to a workbench.

Abstract: A seasoning provision device according to the present invention comprises: a work unit provided to acquire the weight of a food material to be loaded thereon; a seasoning provision unit provided to form a semi-finished product by providing seasoning of a seasoning serving amount, which is a predetermined weight, to the food material loaded on the work unit; and a processor electrically connected to the work unit and the seasoning provision unit, wherein the processor controls the seasoning provision unit so that seasoning is provided according to the seasoning serving amount determined on the basis of the weight of the food material acquired by the work unit.