Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display substrate and a counter substrate. The display substrate includes a first substrate and a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the first substrate. The counter substrate includes a second substrate facing the first substrate, a common electrode formed on the second substrate, a first spacer formed on the common electrode and making contact with the display substrate, a second spacer having a first gap with the display substrate, a third spacer having a second gap larger than the first gap with the display substrate, and a fourth spacer having a third gap larger than the second gap with the display substrate.

Abstract: An optical zoom probe is provided. The optical zoom probe includes: an aperture adjuster which adjusts an aperture through which light which is transmitted by a light transmitter propagates; and a focus adjuster which focuses light that propagates through the aperture and which includes first and second liquid lenses for each of which respective curvatures are independently controlled so as to adjust a respective focal length.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an illumination device. The illumination device includes a cap structure. The cap structure is partially coated with a reflective material operable to reflect light. The illumination device includes one or more lighting-emitting devices disposed within the cap structure. The light-emitting devices may be light-emitting diode (LED) chips. The illumination device also includes a thermal dissipation structure. The thermal dissipation structure is coupled to the cap structure in a first direction. The thermal dissipation structure and the cap structure have a coupling interface. The coupling interface extends in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The thermal dissipation structure has a portion that intersects the coupling interface at an angle. The angle is in a range from about 60 degrees to about 90 degrees according to some embodiments.

Abstract: Provided are a display apparatus and a method for controlling a backlight. A display apparatus including a backlight partitioned into a plurality of sections according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: an external brightness measurer measuring and providing front brightness values of the display apparatus corresponding to the sections; an image signal analyzer analyzing an inputted image signal and calculating and providing a brightness influence value of each section by adjacent sections; and a control signal corrector converting a source backlight control signal of each section corresponding to the image signal into an intermediate backlight control signal of each section on the basis of the front brightness values and the brightness influence values of the sections and comparing the intermediate backlight control signal with the previous final backlight control signal to generate the current final backlight control signal.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display substrate and a counter substrate. The display substrate includes a first substrate and a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the first substrate. The counter substrate includes a second substrate facing the first substrate, a common electrode formed on the second substrate, a first spacer formed on the common electrode and making contact with the display substrate, a second spacer having a first gap with the display substrate, a third spacer having a second gap larger than the first gap with the display substrate, and a fourth spacer having a third gap larger than the second gap with the display substrate.

Abstract: In a method of forming an active pattern, a gate metal layer is formed on a base substrate. The gate metal layer is patterned to form a gate line, and a gate pattern spaced apart from the gate line. A gate insulation layer is formed on the base substrate including the gate line and the gate pattern thereon, to form a first protruded boundary surface corresponding to an area including the gate pattern. An amorphous semiconductor layer is formed on the base substrate including the gate insulation layer thereon, to form a second protruded boundary surface corresponding to the first protruded boundary surface. The amorphous semiconductor layer is crystallized by illuminating a laser to the amorphous semiconductor layer on the second protruded boundary surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thin film transistor, a thin film transistor array panel, and a manufacturing method thereof. A thin film transistor according to an exemplary embodiments of the present invention includes: a gate electrode; a gate insulating layer positioned on or under the gate electrode; a channel region overlapping the gate electrode, the gate insulating layer interposed between the channel region and the gate electrode; and a source region and a drain region, facing each other with respect to the channel region, positioned in the same layer as the channel region, and connected to the channel region, wherein the channel region, the source region, and the drain region comprise an oxide semiconductor, and wherein a carrier concentration of the source region and the drain region is larger than a carrier concentration of the channel region.

Abstract: A microfluidic device and a method of controlling a fluid included in the microfluidic device. The microfluidic device includes: a chamber; a first fluid that is disposed in the chamber and in which a hygroscopic material is dissolved; a second fluid that is disposed in the chamber and is immiscible with the first fluid; and an electrode portion provide in the chamber and is configured to form an electrical field in the chamber when a voltage is applied to the electrode portion, wherein an interface between the first and second fluids is varied according to the electrical field.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a lighting instrument. The lighting instrument includes a recessed light fixture, for example a troffer light or a batten light. The light fixture includes a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) devices located on a board. The light fixture also includes a diffuser cap located on the board and housing the LED devices therein. The diffuser cap includes a plurality of coating regions. Each coating region is coated by a film containing white particles. The white particles can reflect and diffuse light emitted by the LED devices. The film in each coating region has a different white particle concentration level than other coating regions.

Abstract: An imaging device with a plurality of imaging units is provided. The imaging device includes a supporting substrate, a flexible substrate and a movable unit. The supporting substrate is formed with a hard material, and the flexible substrate includes a plurality of imaging units positioned at least in a width direction. The flexible substrate is fixed at a first edge portion with the supporting substrate, while an opposite second edge portion of the flexible substrate is connected with the movable unit. The movable unit moves the opposite second edge portion of the flexible substrate in the width direction and bends or flattens the flexible substrate. A degree of curvature at which the flexible substrate is bent may vary based on a distance by which the movable unit moves in the width direction, so that a field of view (FOV) of the plurality of imaging units may be adjusted.

Abstract: A scanning lens apparatus with a bimorph actuator is provided. The scanning lens apparatus includes: a housing having a hollow cylindrical shape; a first suspension and a second suspension which are parallel to each other, and a first end of each of the first suspension and the second suspension is fixed on an inner surface of the housing; first bimorphs disposed on first surfaces of the first and second suspensions and second bimorphs disposed on second surfaces facing the first surfaces of the first and second suspensions; a first lens which is fixed between a second end of the first suspension and a second end of the second suspension; a second lens fixed parallel to the first lens between the first and second suspensions; and an object lens disposed on an end of the housing to face the second lens with respect to the first lens.

Abstract: A varifocal lens structure and a method of manufacturing the same, the varifocal lens structure including: a frame having a fluid chamber filled with an optical fluid and formed of polymethylsiloxane (PDMS) containing a predetermined fluid; a transparent cover disposed on a top surface of the frame so as to cover the fluid chamber; a transparent elastic membrane disposed on a bottom surface of the frame so as to form a lower wall of the fluid chamber; and an actuator disposed on the elastic membrane.

Abstract: Provided is an optical sensor and an optical sensor fabricating method. The optical sensor includes: a substrate; and an ommatidia located on or inside the substrate, the ommatidia comprising a microlens which receives light, an optical waveguide which transfers the light received through the microlens, and a cone structure comprising a first end connected to the microlens and a second end connected to the optical waveguide, the cone structure having a diameter or a width decreasing in a direction from the first end to the second end.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an illumination device. The illumination device includes a cap structure. The cap structure is partially coated with a reflective material operable to reflect light. The illumination device includes one or more lighting-emitting devices disposed within the cap structure. The light-emitting devices may be light-emitting diode (LED) chips. The illumination device also includes a thermal dissipation structure. The thermal dissipation structure is coupled to the cap structure in a first direction. The thermal dissipation structure and the cap structure have a coupling interface. The coupling interface extends in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The thermal dissipation structure has a portion that intersects the coupling interface at an angle. The angle is in a range from about 60 degrees to about 90 degrees according to some embodiments.

Abstract: A microelectrofluidic device includes: a chamber; a first fluid and a second fluid which are contained in the chamber and are not mixable with each other; and a first electrode group including a plurality of electrodes that are disposed on an inner side of the chamber, and to which a voltage is applied to change an interface between the first fluid and the second fluid, wherein the plurality of electrodes are connected to form a first electrode unit, a second electrode unit, and a third electrode unit that are independently turned on or off, and the plurality of electrodes are annular and coated with an insulating material, and adjacent electrodes are connected to different electrode units

Abstract: A numerical aperture (NA) controlling unit and a variable optical probe including the same are provided. The NA controlling unit includes: an aperture adjustment unit which controls an aperture through which light is transmitted; and a focus control unit that is disposed in a predetermined position with respect to the aperture adjustment unit, that focuses light transmitted through the aperture, and that has an adjustable focal length. The variable optical probe includes: a light transmission unit; a collimator that collimates light transmitted through the light transmission unit into parallel light; an NA controlling unit that focuses light on a sample to be inspected; and a scanner that varies a path of light transmitted through the light transmission unit such that a predetermined region of the sample is scanned by light that passes through the NA controlling unit.

Abstract: A refrigerator capable of having a storage compartment configured for a converted use as a freezing compartment or a refrigerating compartment includes a refrigerating compartment; a converting compartment configured for a variable use among freezing, refrigerating, and off; a cold air flow supplying apparatus having a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, an expanding valve, a draft fan, a cold air flow supplying apparatus; a converting damper apparatus installed at the converting compartment discharging flow path for controlling the supply of the cold air flow to the converting compartment; and a refrigerating compartment damper apparatus installed at the refrigerating compartment discharging flow path for controlling the supply of the cold air flow to the refrigerating compartment.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the invention disclose a method of manufacturing a thin film transistor array panel having reduced overall processing time and providing a uniform crystallization. Exemplary embodiments of the invention also disclose a crystallization method of a thin film transistor, including forming on a substrate a semiconductor layer including a first pixel area, a second pixel area, and a third pixel area. The crystallization method includes crystallizing a portion of the semiconductor layer corresponding to a channel region of a thin film transistor using a micro lens array.

Abstract: A curvature control device includes a first fluid that has a light transmitting property and a polar property; a second fluid that has a light transmitting property; a chamber that the first fluid and the second fluid are accommodated without being mixed with each other, wherein a boundary surface between the first fluid and the second fluid comprises a first surface that is a lens surface and a second surface that induces a change in a curvature of the first surface; a first intermediate plate that is disposed in the chamber, and includes a first through-hole that forms a diameter of a lens corresponding to the first surface and a second through-hole that forms a path of the second fluid; and an electrode portion configured to generate an electric field that changes a position of the second surface.

Abstract: A network connection method and apparatus for improving network connection performance of a mobile station in a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) system is provided. The method includes determining whether a cell change from a first cell to a second cell is detected while waiting for a network connection request message, after an acquisition of a synchronization with a first base station associated with the first cell, determining, if the cell change is detected, whether a synchronization is acquired with a second base station associated with the second cell and whether the network connection request message is detected, initiating, if the network connection request message is detected after the synchronization is acquired with the second base station, a network entry procedure, and saving, if the network connection request message is detected before the synchronization is acquired with the second base station, the network connection request message in a buffer.