Abstract: There is provided a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment includes: an upper substrate placed on cells of the solar cell; and a hologram pattern placed on the upper substrate. There is provided a manufacturing method of a solar cell according to another exemplary embodiment includes: forming an upper substrate on cells of the solar cell; and forming a hologram pattern on the upper substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment including: a plurality of cells of the solar cell formed on a substrate and each having a rear electrode pattern, a light absorbing layer, a buffer layer, and a front electrode; a through-hole penetrating the substrate; and a bus bar electrically connected with the rear electrode pattern through the through-hole. There is provided a manufacturing method of a solar cell according to another exemplary embodiment, including: forming a through-hole penetrating a substrate; forming a bus bar in an area corresponding to the through-hole on a rear surface of the substrate; and forming a plurality of cells of the solar cell each having a rear electrode pattern, a light absorbing layer, a buffer layer, and a front electrode, on a front surface of the substrate, wherein the bus bar is electrically connected with the rear electrode pattern through the through-hole.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar cell apparatus and a method of fabricating the same. The solar cell apparatus includes a substrate; an electrode layer having a first through hole on the substrate; a light absorption layer having a second through hole on the electrode layer; and a window layer having a third through hole overlapped with the second through hole on the light absorption layer. Since the second through hole overlaps with the third through hole, an area of a dead zone, which is a non-active region, is reduced so that the efficiency of the solar cell apparatus is improved.

Abstract: A substrate-supporting unit includes: a mounting board on which a substrate is disposed; and a heater installed in the mounting board to heat the substrate disposed on the mounting board, wherein the mounting board includes: a non-contact surface which faces a center portion of the substrate and is spaced apart from the center portion of the substrate; and a contact member which extends outward from the non-contact surface and is arranged along an edge portion of the substrate disposed on the mounting board to support the edge portion of the substrate.

Abstract: A method and system of restoring an image using a frequency-based image model is provided. A method of restoring an image using a frequency-based image model, the method including: transforming an original image into a frequency domain and generating a transformation image; copying the transformation image in any one domain of domains in which the original image is extended and which are divided into blocks; and inferring a high frequency component of block domains, and restoring the block using the transformation image copied in the any one domain.

Abstract: A solar cell according to an embodiment includes a pattern layer arranged on a substrate and including a uneven pattern; a back electrode arranged on the pattern layer; a light absorption layer arranged on the back electrode; a buffer layer on the light absorption layer; and a front layer arranged on the buffer layer. The method fabricating a solar cell according to an embodiment includes forming a pattern layer including a uneven pattern on a substrate; forming a back electrode on the pattern layer; forming a light absorption layer on the back electrode; forming a buffer layer on the light absorption layer; and forming a front electrode on the buffer layer.

Abstract: A solar battery includes: a plurality of rear electrode patterns, a light absorption layer, a front electrode, an interconnection, a separation pattern, and a dummy layer. The rear electrode patterns are disposed on a substrate and spaced apart from each other. The light absorption layer is disposed on the rear electrode patterns. The front electrode is disposed on the light absorption layer. The interconnection is a part of the front electrode penetrating the light absorption layer and electrically connected to the rear electrode patterns. The separation pattern penetrates the light absorption layer and the front electrode for defining unit cells. The dummy layer is disposed between the interconnection and the separation pattern. The dummy layer has a top surface lower than that of the front electrode.

Abstract: A solar cell according to the embodiment includes a plurality of back electrode patterns spaced apart from each other on a substrate; a light absorption layer including contact patterns to connect electrodes to each other and division patterns to divide cells into unit cells on the substrate formed with the back electrode patterns; top electrode patterns spaced apart from each other by the division patterns on the light absorption layer; and insulating patterns among the back electrode patterns or on the back electrode patterns. The top electrode patterns are filled in the contact patterns and electrically connected to the back electrode patterns.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar cell apparatus. The solar cell apparatus includes a solar cell, and an anti-reflective layer having a plurality of pores on the solar cell. The refractive index of the anti-reflective layer is easily adjusted due to the pores, so that the solar cell apparatus represents the optimal anti-reflection efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of performing cell reselection in a wireless communication system is provided. A mobile station determines whether first priority information for the first RAT is provided by the serving cell, and receives second priority information of a second RAT from the serving cell. The mobile station performs inter-RAT cell reselection based on the first and second priority information if the first priority information for the first RAT is provided. The mobile station performs cell reselection toward the second RAT based on measured values of cells of the second RAT without considering the second priority information if the first priority information for the first RAT is not provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of providing a machine-type communication (MTC) service in a wireless communication system is provided. The method include transmitting information of an MTC group, to which an MTC device belongs, to the MTC device, wherein the MTC group is a group of MTC devices that share one or more MTC features, and wherein the information of the MTC group includes an identifier (ID) of the MTC group.

Abstract: Provided is a method of detecting important information from a moving picture. The method includes: detecting first candidate areas that are presumed to include important information in a plurality of moving picture frames by using stop edge information, which is edge information overlapped at a same position throughout the plurality of moving picture frames, from among edge information in at least two received moving picture frames; determining second candidate areas by performing grouping on the stop edge information according to a position of the stop edge information in the first candidate areas; analyzing the second candidate areas determined in the at least two moving picture frames; and detecting important information areas from each of the at least two moving picture frames based on the analysis.

Abstract: Disclosed are a substrate supporting unit, a substrate processing apparatus, and a method of manufacturing the substrate supporting unit. The substrate supporting unit includes a susceptor (12) provided with heaters (15a, 16b) to heat a substrate placed on the susceptor (12), and including a first temperature region and a second temperature region having a higher temperature than that of the first temperature region; and a heat dissipating member (20) including a contact surface (21) being in thermal contact with the second temperature region. The heat dissipating member (20) further includes an opening (23) corresponding to the first temperature region. The heat dissipating member (20) formed in a ring shape, in which the opening (23) is surrounded with the contact surface (21), and the contact surface (21) of the heat dissipating member (20) makes thermal contact with the lower surface of the susceptor (12).

Abstract: A method for assigning a global address to a node in an ad-hoc network is provided. A joining node to the ad-hoc network generates a local address using its MAC address. The joining node inquires of its one-hop nodes about whether they occupy a local address that is the same as the generated local address. When the joining node is informed that there are no nodes occupying the same local address, it generates a global address using the generated local address and a global prefix provided from neighbor nodes. The joining node inquires of an Internet gateway about whether the generated global address is currently used. When the joining node is informed that there are no nodes currently using the same global address, the joining node is assigned the generated global address. Further, the joining node and the Internet gateway communicate messages via a relay node using a tunneling.

Abstract: A method and system of restoring an image using a frequency-based image model is provided. A method of restoring an image using a frequency-based image model, the method including: transforming an original image into a frequency domain and generating a transformation image; copying the transformation image in any one domain of domains in which the original image is extended and which are divided into blocks; and inferring a high frequency component of block domains, and restoring the block using the transformation image copied in the any one domain.

Abstract: A method for operating a data communication service in a global system for mobile communication is provided. The method comprises deciding whether a user equipment requests the data communication service in a real time; deciding whether the user equipment requests the data communication service in a home area of a first mobile switching center where the user equipment has been registered; deciding whether a reject data has been set in the user equipment in a pending status, if the user equipment requests the data communication service in the home area; and providing the data communication service to the user equipment, if the reject data has not been set in the user equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to root-specific expansin gene to regulating root growth and obstacle-touching stress resistance in the plant, and more particularly to a root growth regulating gene, GmEXP1, isolated from soybean (Glycine max), an expansin polypeptide encoded by the gene and a method for enhancing root growth of plants by overexpression of the gene in the plants.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reselecting a cell in the network with the hierarchical cell structure, are provided. According to an embodiment, the method includes measuring a received signal code power of each of a current serving cell and adjacent cells; and designating the current serving cell as a candidate cell for a next serving cell in a cell reselection process, if the received signal code power of the current serving cell is the strongest of all the cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a track access apparatus and a method by which an optical pick-up unit quickly accesses a destination track of an optical disc by controlling a tracking actuator using a back electromotive force by detecting the vibration of an objective lens, the position variation, and the distortion of an actuator which occur when the optical pick-up unit is moved across the tracks of the optical disc at a high speed.

Abstract: A method for assigning a global address to a node in an ad-hoc network is provided. A joining node to the ad-hoc network generates a local address using its MAC address. The joining node inquires of its one-hop nodes about whether they occupy a local address that is the same as the generated local address. When the joining node is informed that there are no nodes occupying the same local address, it generates a global address using the generated local address and a global prefix provided from neighbor nodes. The joining node inquires of an Internet gateway about whether the generated global address is currently used. When the joining node is informed that there are no nodes currently using the same global address, the joining node is assigned the generated global address. Further, the joining node and the Internet gateway communicate messages via a relay node using a tunneling.