Abstract: A polyimide precursor composition according to an exemplary embodiment includes an imide precursor having an organic group derived from a cyclic ether group-containing compound. A polyimide film formed using the polyimide precursor composition has improved heat resistance and mechanical properties, and has high absorbance in a wavelength range in an ultraviolet region.

Abstract: The bioenvironmental simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one mounting unit on which cells to be measured are placed, a rotational force application unit configured to rotate the mounting unit so as to apply a rotational force to the cells to be measured placed on the mounting unit, and a culture liquid flow device through which a culture liquid flows across the mounting unit, wherein the culture liquid flows by the culture liquid flow device so as to apply a shear force to the cells to be measured.

Abstract: Disclosed are medicaments and methods for inhibiting brain inflammation and the cognitive memory loss attendant brain disease and damage in an animal. Status epilepticus, stroke and Alzheimer's disease are particular pathologies that are treated employing pharmaceutically acceptable preparations of the A1 exosomes. The preparations comprise an enriched population of A1 exosomes, such as exosomes derived from culture medium from mesenchymal stem cells. Medicaments and methods for inhibiting pattern recognition and/or memory impairment attendant a brain injury event or degenerative brain disease are also disclosed, comprising administering a pharmaceutically acceptable preparation of exosomes, particularly A1 exosomes, that are CD9? and that prevent the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines attendant a brain injury or disease.

Abstract: An example medical probe apparatus includes a main body; and a head which is detachably provided in the main body, and includes a transducer array configured to output an ultrasound for diagnosis of an object, the main body including: a transceiver configured to transmit and receive a signal to and from the transducer array through a plurality of channels; and at least one processor configured to control the transceiver to transmit a predetermined test signal to the transducer array of the head mounted to the main body, determine a probe type corresponding to the transducer array of the mounted head based on a feedback signal received through the transceiver in response to the test signal, and make the probe apparatus operate corresponding to the determined probe type.

Abstract: Preparations comprising an enriched population of extracellular vesicles (nEVs) having a negatively charged surface, and that are CD81+ and CD9?, are provided. Improved processes and methods for producing an enriched population of nEVs from non-murine cells, especially human origin cells and/or tissues, are disclosed. Therapeutic methods for using the preparations, including for reducing brain inflammation and treatment of various pathologies associated with brain inflammation, such as by intravenous or intranasal administration, are also described. Methods and preparations for reducing brain inflammation associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are also disclosed. A method for treating a patient having suffered a mild traumatic injury (mTMI), or concussion, such as a sports-related head injury, is also disclosed. The nEVs are also demonstrated to reduce the expression level of IL-I? in brain tissue of an animal having had traumatic brain injury.

Abstract: Preparations comprising an enriched population of extracellular vesicles (nEVs) having a negatively charged surface, and that are CD81+ and CD9?, are provided. Improved processes and methods for producing an enriched population of nEVs from non-murine cells, especially human origin cells and/or tissues, are disclosed. Therapeutic methods for using the preparations, including for reducing brain inflammation and treatment of various pathologies associated with brain inflammation, such as by intravenous or intranasal administration, are also described. Methods and preparations for reducing brain inflammation associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are also disclosed. A method for treating a patient having suffered a mild traumatic injury (mTMI), or concussion, such as a sports-related head injury, is also disclosed. The nEVs are also demonstrated to reduce the expression level of IL-I? in brain tissue of an animal having had traumatic brain injury.

Abstract: An ultrasound diagnosis apparatus and method enabling general users to easily acquire ultrasound images even when the users are unskilled at using ultrasound diagnosis apparatuses, including a probe comprising an analog front-end controller, an analog-to-digital converter, a field-programmable gate array, and a communication module, the probe being configured to acquire ultrasound data of an object.

Abstract: The bioenvironmental simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one mounting unit on which cells to be measured are placed, a rotational force application unit configured to rotate the mounting unit so as to apply a rotational force to the cells to be measured placed on the mounting unit, and a culture liquid flow device through which a culture liquid flows across the mounting unit, wherein the culture liquid flows by the culture liquid flow device so as to apply a shear force to the cells to be measured.

Abstract: A biological environment simulating apparatus using rotational force includes a mounting unit on which a cell to be pressurized is mounted, a rotational force application unit configured to apply centripetal force to the mounting unit to make the mounting unit perform a circular movement along a circular path about a predetermined center point and a control unit. The control unit controls the rotational force application unit based on a type of the cell and an appropriate pressure condition matched with the type of the cell so that a pressure satisfying the appropriate pressure condition is applied to the cell.

Abstract: An ultrasound diagnosis apparatus and method enabling general users to easily acquire ultrasound images even when the users are unskilled at using ultrasound diagnosis apparatuses, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having the ultrasound diagnosis method recorded thereon are provided. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus includes a probe configured to acquire ultrasound data of an object; an image generation unit configured to generate an ultrasound image of the object by using the ultrasound data; a probe location acquisition unit configured to acquire a location of the probe on the object; a display unit configured to display the location of the probe and a reference location on an image representing the object; and a control unit configured to determine whether the location of the probe corresponds to the reference location.

Abstract: An ultrasound diagnosis apparatus and method enabling general users to easily acquire ultrasound images even when the users are unskilled at using ultrasound diagnosis apparatuses, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having the ultrasound diagnosis method recorded thereon are provided. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus includes a probe configured to acquire ultrasound data of an object; an image generation unit configured to generate an ultrasound image of the object by using the ultrasound data; a probe location acquisition unit configured to acquire a location of the probe on the object; a display unit configured to display the location of the probe and a reference location on an image representing the object; and a control unit configured to determine whether the location of the probe corresponds to the reference location.

Abstract: A sensing device capable of detecting hardness includes a sensor array including a plurality of sensors, each of the plurality of sensors including a transmitter configured to emit a detection wave and a receiver configured to receive a reflected detection wave reflected by an object, the plurality of sensors arranged in a matrix form; and a controller configured to obtain image information and hardness information of each portion of the object from the reflected waves received by the plurality of sensors, and to form three-dimensional print data by mapping the image information and the hardness information.

Abstract: An ultrasound diagnosis apparatus and method enabling general users to easily acquire ultrasound images even when the users are unskilled at using ultrasound diagnosis apparatuses, including a probe comprising an analog front-end controller, an analog-to-digital converter, a field-programmable gate array, and a communication module, the probe being configured to acquire ultrasound data of an object.

Abstract: Pharmaceutically acceptable preparations of extracellular vesicles derived from activated MSCs are provided. These preparations are essentially free of MSCs, and demonstrate anti-inflammatory inhibiting pharmacological activity in vivo. Methods for using the preparations to prevent the onset of autoimmune diseases are presented. The MSC derived extracellular vesicles are provided in pharmaceutically acceptable preparations with a carrier, such as saline, and may be used to inhibit activation of antigen presenting cells. These preparations may also be used to suppress the development of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells. The disclosed activated MSC-derived extracellular vesicle preparations are essentially free of MSCs and other cells.

Abstract: Preparations comprising an enriched population of extracellular vesicles (nEVs) having a negatively charged surface, and that are CD81+ and CD9?, are provided. Improved processes and methods for producing an enriched population of nEVs from non-murine cells, especially human origin cells and/or tissues, are disclosed. Therapeutic methods for using the preparations, including for reducing brain inflammation and treatment of various pathologies associated with brain inflammation, such as by intravenous or intranasal administration, are also described. Methods and preparations for reducing brain inflammation associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are also disclosed. A method for treating a patient having suffered a mild traumatic injury (mTMI), or concussion, such as a sports-related head injury, is also disclosed. The nEVs are also demonstrated to reduce the expression level of IL-I? in brain tissue of an animal having had traumatic brain injury.

Abstract: A biological environment simulating apparatus using rotational force includes a mounting unit on which a cell to he pressurized is mounted, a rotational force application unit configured to apply centripetal force to the mounting unit to make the mounting unit perform a circular movement along a circular path about a predetermined center point and a control unit. The control unit controls the rotational force application unit based on a type of the cell and an appropriate pressure condition matched with the type of the cell so that a pressure satisfying the appropriate pressure condition is applied to the cell.

Abstract: Disclosed are a probe apparatus, a medical instrument having the same, and a method of controlling the probe apparatus, in which a medical probe apparatus includes a main body; and a head which is detachably provided in the main body, and includes a transducer array configured to output an ultrasound for diagnosis of an object, the main body including: a transceiver configured to transmit and receive a signal to and from the transducer array through a plurality of channels; and at least one processor configured to control the transceiver to transmit a predetermined test signal to the transducer array of the head mounted to the main body, determine a probe type corresponding to the transducer array of the mounted head based on a feedback signal received through the transceiver in response to the test signal, and make the probe apparatus operate corresponding to the determined probe type.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving the efficiency of a power supply modulator for modulating a supply voltage of a power amplifier are provided. The apparatus for generating a supply voltage includes a Switching Mode Power Supplier (SMPS) module for generating a current of a power supply signal, and a linear regulator for generating a source current for supplementing an insufficient amount of the current generated by the SMPS module and a sink current for eliminating an excessive amount of the current generated by the SMPS module. The SMPS module generates the current of the power supply signal by selecting at least one of a plurality of power supplies that have different voltages according to a voltage level of an input signal of the SMPS module.

Abstract: Provided is a system, apparatus, and/or method for providing phone call route information, including a calling party information collector configured to collect calling party information according to selecting of a phone number link object provided to a calling party through a network a called party information collector configured to collect called party information about a certain incoming call from a called terminal, and a matching determiner configured to determine a relation between the selecting of the phone number link object and the certain incoming call by comparing at least one piece of the calling party information and at least one piece of the called party information.

Abstract: An ultrasound diagnosis apparatus and method enabling general users to easily acquire ultrasound images even when the users are unskilled at using ultrasound diagnosis apparatuses, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having the ultrasound diagnosis method recorded thereon are provided. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus includes a probe configured to acquire ultrasound data of an object; an image generation unit configured to generate an ultrasound image of the object by using the ultrasound data; a probe location acquisition unit configured to acquire a location of the probe on the object; a display unit configured to display the location of the probe and a reference location on an image representing the object; and a control unit configured to determine whether the location of the probe corresponds to the reference location.