Abstract: A distance measurement method includes measuring a plurality of integrated signals at a plurality of modulation phase offsets; estimating at least one integrated signal for at least one of the plurality of modulation phase offsets, respectively, to adjust its reception time relative to an integrated signal for another of the plurality of modulation phase offsets; and determining a distance between the target and receiver in accordance with the estimated at least one signal.

Abstract: A micro actuator having separated stages and a data storage apparatus employing the same are provided. The micro actuator includes: a supporting unit; stages that are elastically supported by the supporting unit, each stage having a mounting surface where a target driven body is mounted thereon, and arranged adjacent to each other; levers which are disposed between the stages, each lever having two ends respectively connected to adjacent stages, and which apply force to the adjacent stages so that when one of the stages is moved, an adjacent stage is moved in an opposite direction to a moving direction of the moved stage; and driving units which respectively provide a driving force to the stages.

Abstract: A storage apparatus includes a ferroelectric recording medium, an electric field sensor including a source region, a drain region and a resistance region electrically connecting the source region to the drain region and having a resistance, which varies according to an intensity of an electric field due to a polarization voltage of an electric domain of the recording medium, a voltage applying unit applying a drain voltage between the source region and the drain region, and a reproducing signal detection unit including at least one negative resistor installed in an electric circuit connecting the drain region to the voltage applying unit, and detecting a change in a voltage between the drain region and the at least one negative resistor.

Abstract: A depth sensor includes a light source, a detector, and a signal processor. The light source transmits a source signal to the target according to a transmit control signal having reference time points. The detector receives a reflected signal from the source signal being reflected from the target. The signal processor generates a plurality of sensed values by measuring respective portions of the reflected signal during respective time periods with different time delays from the reference time points. The signal processor determines a respective delay time for a maximum/minimum of the sensed values for determining the distance of the target.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image sensor capable of improving the resolution of images without modifying the resolution of a photoelectric conversion semiconductor device for sensing images and an image sensing method using the same. The image sensor is adapted to sense images through photoelectric conversion and includes a scanner unit adapted to move on a plane; a photoelectric conversion semiconductor device fixedly mounted on the scanner unit and having a number of pixels being arranged on a front surface; and an array of color filters arranged on the photoelectric conversion semiconductor device so as to correspond to the pixels. The image sensor improves the resolution of sensed images by sensing data of images, which cannot be sensed according to the related art, while using a conventional photoelectric conversion semiconductor device without modification, and without incurring further cost or degrading the performance.

Abstract: Provided are a bit patterned medium having a super-track, a method of tracking a track of the bit patterned medium, a head appropriate for the bit patterned medium, and an information recording/reproducing apparatus including the bit patterned medium and the head. The bit patterned medium includes a substrate, and a recording layer comprised of a plurality of bit cells which are formed on the substrate by being separated from each other, along a plurality of tracks. Each of the plurality of tracks includes a super-track comprised of a plurality of sub-tracks. Bit cells formed on a sub-track from among the plurality of sub-tracks in the super-track are disposed so as to deviate from bit cells formed on another sub-track from among the plurality of sub-tracks in the super-track. A track ID (identification) for recognizing the super-track, and a servo burst generating a position error signal when a head tracks the super-track, are arranged in an area of each of the plurality of tracks.

Abstract: A multilevel one-time programmable memory device includes a plurality of memory cells, wherein each of the plurality of memory cells includes: a first electrode to which a first voltage is applied, a second electrode to which a second voltage is applied and a plurality of fuse lines performing a fusing operation according to a voltage difference between the first electrode and the second electrode. The plurality of fuse lines are connected to each other between the first electrode and the second electrode. In addition, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is formed such that the first electrode and the second electrode have different valid line lengths from each other therebetween so that the plurality of fuse lines have different resistances from each other.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for reproducing information using a semiconductor probe.

Abstract: An information reproducing apparatus and a method using a semiconductor probe are provided. The information reproducing apparatus includes a semiconductor probe including a semiconductor tip including a channel varying with an electric field generated by an information recording medium; a modulator applying a high frequency modulation signal to the semiconductor probe to form a modulation electric field so as to modulate an information signal induced by the electric field; a signal detector detecting a signal generated by the semiconductor probe; and a demodulator extracting the information signal modulated by the modulation electric field from the signal detected by the signal detector.

Abstract: Provided are a bit patterned medium having a super track, a reading head which reads data recorded on the bit-patterned medium, and a hard disk drive (HDD) for recording/reading data on/from the bit patterned medium. The bit patterned medium includes a substrate, and a recording layer formed with a plurality of bit cells separated from each other along a plurality of tracks forming concentric circles having different radii on the substrate, wherein each track includes a super track including a plurality of sub-tracks, and bit cells formed on one of the sub-tracks are arranged at different positions in a circumference direction of the recording layer to bit cells formed on adjacent sub-tracks. The reading head which reads data recorded on a bit patterned medium has a width in a cross-track direction sufficient for reading data of an equal number of bit cells as the plurality of sub-tracks.

Abstract: An electrostatic actuator and a method of driving the same are provided. The actuator controls the displacement of a target object by adjusting a voltage between fixed comb electrodes and a moving comb electrode. The actuator includes an actuator control signal generator generating an actuator control signal by pulse-width modulating an actuator driving signal and a carrier signal; and an actuator unit including the fixed comb electrodes and the moving comb electrode and adjusting the voltage according to the actuator control signal. Accordingly, the displacement can be easily controlled using the pulse-width-modulated actuator driving signal even when both the voltage of the actuator driving signal and the frequency of the carrier signal are high.

Abstract: An image pickup device may include a sensor array including a plurality of pixels and an actuator operatively connected to the sensor array. The actuator may be configured to sequentially move the sensor array, in a horizontal or vertical direction by one pixel pitch, in response to a control signal. A method of processing image signals using an image pickup device may include moving the plurality of pixels by the one pixel pitch using the actuator in order to allow multiple pixels to be sequentially located at a position on which light is incident, and sequentially detecting color component signals of each of the multiple pixels from the incident light.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a probe position error includes a position error extracting unit extracting probe position errors from signals detected by a probe; a position error adding unit calculating the probe position errors in units of a predetermined time; and a signal processing unit storing a past probe position error calculated by the position error extracting unit and generating a probe position error by processing the past probe position error and a current probe position error. An apparatus for tracking data includes a scanner moving a data storage medium; a probe detecting the signals from a data storage medium; an error detector detecting probe position errors in a half-period of an error extracting signal by applying the error extracting signal used to extract the probe position errors to the signal detected by the probe; and a compensator compensating for the probe position errors detected by the error detector.

Abstract: Provided are a resistive memory device having a probe array and a method of manufacturing the same. The resistive memory device includes a memory part having a bottom electrode and a ferroelectric layer sequentially formed on a first substrate; a probe part having an array of resistive probes arranged on a second substrate, with the tips of the resistive probes facing the ferroelectric layer so as to write and read data on the ferroelectric layer; and a binding layer which grabs and fixes the resistive probes on or above the ferroelectric layer. The method of manufacturing the resistive memory device includes forming a bottom electrode and a ferroelectric layer sequentially on a first substrate; forming an array of resistive probes on a second substrate; and wafer level bonding the first substrate to the second substrate using a binding layer such that tips of the resistive probes face the ferroelectric layer.

Abstract: Provided are an electric field read/write apparatus and method, which reproduce information written in a recording medium by using an electric field read/write head including a channel. In the electric field read/write apparatus and method, an electric field generated from the recording medium is modulated by using a modulation signal, a variation in the modulated electric field is detected, and a voltage signal determined according to the detected variation is demodulated and information written in the recording medium is determined according to a result of the demodulation.

Abstract: A magnetic logic device (MLD) and methods of manufacturing and operating an MLD are provided. The MLD includes: a first interconnection; a lower magnetic layer formed on the first interconnection, the lower magnetic layer having a magnetization direction fixed in a predetermined direction; a non-magnetic layer formed on the lower magnetic layer; an upper magnetic layer formed on the non-magnetic layer, the upper magnetic layer having a magnetization direction parallel or anti-parallel to the magnetization direction of the lower magnetic layer; and a second interconnection formed on the upper magnetic layer. A first current source is disposed between one end of the first interconnection and one end of the second interconnection and a second current source is disposed between the other end of the first interconnection and the other end of the second interconnection.

Abstract: Provided are a bit patterned medium having a super-track, a method of tracking a track of the bit patterned medium, a head appropriate for the bit patterned medium, and an information recording/reproducing apparatus including the bit patterned medium and the head. The bit patterned medium includes a substrate, and a recording layer comprised of a plurality of bit cells which are formed on the substrate by being separated from each other, along a plurality of tracks. Each of the plurality of tracks includes a super-track comprised of a plurality of sub-tracks. Bit cells formed on a sub-track from among the plurality of sub-tracks in the super-track are disposed so as to deviate from bit cells formed on another sub-track from among the plurality of sub-tracks in the super-track. A track ID (identification) for recognizing the super-track, and a servo burst generating a position error signal when a head tracks the super-track, are arranged in an area of each of the plurality of tracks.

Abstract: Provided are a bit patterned medium having a super track, a reading head which reads data recorded on the bit-patterned medium, and a hard disk drive (HDD) for recording/reading data on/from the bit patterned medium. The bit patterned medium includes a substrate, and a recording layer formed with a plurality of bit cells separated from each other along a plurality of tracks forming concentric circles having different radii on the substrate, wherein each track includes a super track including a plurality of sub-tracks, and bit cells formed on one of the sub-tracks are arranged at different positions in a circumference direction of the recording layer to bit cells formed on adjacent sub-tracks. The reading head which reads data recorded on a bit patterned medium has a width in a cross-track direction sufficient for reading data of an equal number of bit cells as the plurality of sub-tracks.

Abstract: Provided are a data storage device and a method of tracking data stored in the data storage device. The device includes a data storage medium on which data can be recorded and erased, a plurality of probes for scanning the data storage medium to detect data, a scanner for driving the data storage medium or the probes, and a controller for applying a control signal to the scanner. The method includes (a) oscillating the probe or the data storage medium; (b) detecting an off-track error of the probe on the data storage medium by the oscillation; and (c) adjusting a scanning position of the probe on the data storage medium to compensate for the off-track error.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calibrating a position of an image sensor, and a method of detecting the position of an image sensor are provided. The method of calibrating the position of an image sensor includes: obtaining first image information corresponding to a first position of the image sensor and obtaining second image information corresponding to a second position of the image sensor, calculating cross-correlation values between the obtained first image information and second image information; determining whether or not the calculated cross-correlation values are symmetrical; setting a driving power value of the image sensor for moving the image sensor the distance between the first position to the second position as a reference driving power value for moving the image sensor one-pixel distance, if it is determined that the cross-correlation values are not symmetrical; and calibrating the position of the image sensor by using the set driving power value.