Abstract: A selector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode; an ion supply layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to be on the side of the first electrode and doped with a metal, wherein the doped metal diffuses toward the second electrode; a switching layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to be on the side of the second electrode, wherein the doped metal diffuses from the ion supply layer into the switching layer so that metal concentration distribution inside the switching layer is changed to generate metal filaments; and a diffusion control layer inserted between the ion supply layer and the switching layer, wherein the diffusion control layer serves to adjust electrical characteristics related to the generated metal filaments as the amount of the diffusing metal is adjusted in proportion to a thickness of the diffusion control layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a wheel driving device and a wheel driving method for a hybrid construction machine, in which in a construction machine having wheels, particularly, a hybrid wheel loader, by small-capacity low-speed electric motors, small-capacity high-speed electric motors, transmissions each having a clutch, and a control unit which are installed for all of the wheels each, the wheel driving device drives the low-speed electric motor during low-speed driving and drives the high-speed electric motor during high-speed driving by turning on and off the clutch during the low-speed driving and the high-speed driving, thereby reducing manufacturing costs of the wheel driving device, improving fuel economy of the construction machine, reducing abrasion of tires mounted on the wheels, improving durability of the tires, and ensuring traveling stability.

Abstract: A wheel driving system includes a generator connected to an engine and configured to generate electrical energy, a front axle configured to drive a front wheel and including a front electric motor configured to produce a driving torque and a front transmission configured to convert the driving torque into a conversion torque and transmit the conversion torque to the front wheel via a front drive shaft, a rear axle configured to drive a rear wheel and including a rear electric motor configured to produce a driving torque and a rear transmission configured to convert the driving torque into a conversion torque and transmit the conversion torque to the rear wheel via a rear drive shaft, and a central connection unit operatively connected to the front drive shaft and the rear drive shaft and configured to transmit the conversion torque between the front axle and the rear axle.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method, a device, and a system for controlling a hydraulic pump of a construction machine, the system comprising: an engine; an engine control unit configured to control the engine by using engine limit torque information and current engine torque information of the engine; a hydraulic pump operated by power supplied from the engine; at least one actuator driven by a hydraulic pressure discharged from the hydraulic pump; and a hydraulic pump control device configured to control a limited swash plate angle of the hydraulic pump by using a torque of the hydraulic pump and the engine limit torque information received from the engine control unit.

Abstract: A wheel driving system includes a generator connected to an engine and configured to generate electrical energy, a front axle configured to drive at least one front wheel and including a front electric motor configured to produce a driving torque from the electrical energy supplied from the generator and transmit the driving torque to the front wheel via a front drive shaft, a rear axle configured to drive at least one rear wheel and including a rear electric motor configured to produce a driving torque from the electrical energy supplied from the generator and transmit the driving torque to the rear wheel via a rear drive shaft, and a central connection unit operatively connected to the front drive shaft and the rear drive shaft and configured to transmit the driving torque between the front axle and the rear axle.

Abstract: A wheel driving system includes a generator connected to an engine and configured to generate electrical energy, a front axle configured to drive at least one front wheel and including a front electric motor configured to produce a driving torque from the electrical energy supplied from the generator and transmit the driving torque to the front wheel via a front drive shaft, a rear axle configured to drive at least one rear wheel and including a rear electric motor configured to produce a driving torque from the electrical energy supplied from the generator and transmit the driving torque to the rear wheel via a rear drive shaft, and a central connection unit operatively connected to the front drive shaft and the rear drive shaft and configured to transmit the driving torque between the front axle and the rear axle.

Abstract: A wheel driving system includes a generator connected to an engine and configured to generate electrical energy, a front axle configured to drive a front wheel and including a front electric motor configured to produce a driving torque and a front transmission configured to convert the driving torque into a conversion torque and transmit the conversion torque to the front wheel via a front drive shaft, a rear axle configured to drive a rear wheel and including a rear electric motor configured to produce a driving torque and a rear transmission configured to convert the driving torque into a conversion torque and transmit the conversion torque to the rear wheel via a rear drive shaft, and a central connection unit operatively connected to the front drive shaft and the rear drive shaft and configured to transmit the conversion torque between the front axle and the rear axle.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a wheel driving device and a wheel driving method for a hybrid construction machine, in which in a construction machine having wheels, particularly, a hybrid wheel loader, by small-capacity low-speed electric motors, small-capacity high-speed electric motors, transmissions each having a clutch, and a control unit which are installed for all of the wheels each, the wheel driving device drives the low-speed electric motor during low-speed driving and drives the high-speed electric motor during high-speed driving by turning on and off the clutch during the low-speed driving and the high-speed driving, thereby reducing manufacturing costs of the wheel driving device, improving fuel economy of the construction machine, reducing abrasion of tires mounted on the wheels, improving durability of the tires, and ensuring traveling stability.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system and method of controlling a vehicle of construction equipment, which calculate a target engine torque from compensation torque information using torque information generated in a hydraulic pump and an engine speed error and transmit the calculated target engine torque, thereby more stably performing engine control while responding to a rapid load variation of the hydraulic pump.

Abstract: An integrated control apparatus for an engine system including an engine, a hydraulic pump driven by the engine, a control valve for controlling hydraulic oil discharged from the pump and a hydraulic actuator operated by the oil from the control valve. The apparatus includes a power mode determiner calculating an auto mode change index as a function of a first state value representing a work load of the pump and a second state value representing a work speed required by an operator to determine whether a current power mode of the pump is to be changed, a pump power determiner determining a power mode of the pump based on a result of whether the current power mode of the pump is to be changed, and an engine speed determiner determining an engine speed based on the result of whether the current power mode of the pump is to be changed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method, a device, and a system for controlling a hydraulic pump of a construction machine, the system comprising: an engine; an engine control unit configured to control the engine by using engine limit torque information and current engine torque information of the engine; a hydraulic pump operated by power supplied from the engine; at least one actuator driven by a hydraulic pressure discharged from the hydraulic pump; and a hydraulic pump control device configured to control a limited swash plate angle of the hydraulic pump by using a torque of the hydraulic pump and the engine limit torque information received from the engine control unit.

Abstract: An integrated control apparatus for an engine system including an engine, a hydraulic pump driven by the engine, a control valve for controlling hydraulic oil discharged from the pump and a hydraulic actuator operated by the oil from the control valve. The apparatus includes a power mode determiner calculating an auto mode change index as a function of a first state value representing a work load of the pump and a second state value representing a work speed required by an operator to determine whether a current power mode of the pump is to be changed, a pump power determiner determining a power mode of the pump based on a result of whether the current power mode of the pump is to be changed, and an engine speed determiner determining an engine speed based on the result of whether the current power mode of the pump is to be changed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system and method of controlling a vehicle of construction equipment, which calculate a target engine torque from compensation torque information using torque information generated in a hydraulic pump and an engine speed error and transmit the calculated target engine torque, thereby more stably performing engine control while responding to a rapid load variation of the hydraulic pump.