Abstract: A vehicle heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes: a compressor; an interior condenser located on the downstream side of the compressor and disposed in an HVAC case; a heating-side expansion valve located on the downstream side of the interior condenser; a water-cooled heat exchanger located on the downstream side of the heating-side expansion valve; and a controller. The controller is configured to adjust an opening degree of the heating-side expansion valve based on a temperature difference between air flowing from the interior condenser to front seats of a vehicle cabin and air flowing from the interior condenser to rear seats of the cabin. The controller is also configured to adjust the opening degree based on an amount of heat (heat release amount) transferred from the interior condenser to the air.

Abstract: A vehicle thermal management system includes a HVAC subsystem; a power electronics cooling subsystem; a plurality of heat recovery drive components; and a controller. The controller includes a required heat calculation module to calculate a required heat quantity for a heating operation of the HVAC subsystem. The controller includes a coefficient of performance (COP) calculation module to calculate a maximum COP of the HVAC subsystem in the heating mode and a heat recovery calculation module to calculate a maximum heat recovery quantity of the HVAC subsystem and a total sum of estimated heat recovery quantities recoverable from the plurality of heat sources. The controller also includes a power determination module to determine respective amounts of power input to the plurality of heat recovery drive components based on the total sum of estimated heat recovery quantities and the maximum heat recovery quantity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for mass-producing densified carbon nanotube fiber. The method includes preparing carbon nanotube fiber, swelling the carbon nanotube fiber by applying an acid solution thereto, and stretching the carbon nanotube fiber, coagulating the stretched carbon nanotube fiber so as to remove the acid solution present therein, and drying the coagulated carbon nanotube fiber.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a photosensor structure including a left photosensor located at the left side of a front windshield of a vehicle viewed from the outside of the vehicle, and a right photosensor located symmetrically to the left photosensor. For example, the left photosensor includes two light reception windows located in a width direction of the vehicle to set a lateral incidence angle having a maximum incidence amount in a left-and-right direction of a light source, a dummy portion located on at least one of the two light reception windows between the two light reception windows to set an incidence altitude having a maximum incidence amount in an upward-and-downward direction of the light source, and light reception units located on lower ends of the light reception windows to measure the amount of light received from the light source through the light reception windows.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus capable of continuously producing carbon nanotubes having high crystallinity, a low residual catalyst content and a high aspect ratio. The apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes includes: a reaction unit configured to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a supply unit configured to supply a carbon source to the reaction unit through a supply pipe; and a collection unit configured to collect carbon nanotubes discharged from the reaction unit, wherein the reaction unit may include a chemical vapor deposition reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for mass-producing densified carbon nanotube fiber. The method includes preparing carbon nanotube fiber, swelling the carbon nanotube fiber by applying an acid solution thereto, and stretching the carbon nanotube fiber, coagulating the stretched carbon nanotube fiber so as to remove the acid solution present therein, and drying the coagulated carbon nanotube fiber.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus capable of continuously producing carbon nanotubes having high crystallinity, a low residual catalyst content and a high aspect ratio. The apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes includes: a reaction unit configured to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a supply unit configured to supply a carbon source to the reaction unit through a supply pipe; and a collection unit configured to collect carbon nanotubes discharged from the reaction unit, wherein the reaction unit may include a chemical vapor deposition reactor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a photosensor structure including a left photosensor located at the left side of a front windshield of a vehicle viewed from the outside of the vehicle, and a right photosensor located symmetrically to the left photosensor. For example, the left photosensor includes two light reception windows located in a width direction of the vehicle to set a lateral incidence angle having a maximum incidence amount in a left-and-right direction of a light source, a dummy portion located on at least one of the two light reception windows between the two light reception windows to set an incidence altitude having a maximum incidence amount in an upward-and-downward direction of the light source, and light reception units located on lower ends of the light reception windows to measure the amount of light received from the light source through the light reception windows.

Abstract: Provided is a method for continuously manufacturing carbon nanotube fibers with high strength and high conductivity, which includes synthesizing carbon nanotube fibers by direct spinning; treating the carbon nanotube fibers with a strong acid while applying tension thereto; and washing the carbon nanotube fibers treated with the strong acid.