Abstract: Proposed is an antibacterial film. An antibacterial film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: an antibacterial layer made of a composition including an acrylate-based UV resin, a silver nano-antibacterial agent, and a silicone-based leveling agent for improving surface smoothness; a base layer located under the antibacterial layer; an adhesive layer located under the base layer; and a release film located under the adhesive layer, wherein the composition for forming the antibacterial layer includes the silver nano-antibacterial agent in an amount from equal to or greater than 0.06% by weight to equal to or less than 0.20% by weight and the silicone-based leveling agent in an amount of 0.15% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the entire composition.

Abstract: A skin external composition containing 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-?-D-glucose (hereinafter referred to as “PGG”) and its use to improve moisture balance of skin are disclosed. The skin external composition, due to containing PGG, stimulates the formation of filaggrin in keratinocytes, increases loricrin and involucrin expression, thereby stimulating the formation of a normal keratin layer, and as a result, can strengthen the skin barrier function to provide an excellent skin moisturization improving effect. Thus, the composition is effective in improving moisture balance of skin. A method for moisturizing the skin using the composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board includes providing an insulating layer, forming a plating seed layer on the insulating layer, forming a first circuit pattern on the plating seed layer and a second circuit pattern on the first circuit pattern, and forming a top metal layer on the second circuit pattern. The second circuit pattern can be thinner than the first circuit pattern, and the top metal layer can be wider than the second circuit pattern.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board includes providing an insulating layer, forming a plating seed layer on the insulating layer, forming a first circuit pattern on the plating seed layer and a second circuit pattern on the first circuit pattern, and forming a top metal layer on the second circuit pattern. The second circuit pattern can be thinner than the first circuit pattern, and the top metal layer can be wider than the second circuit pattern.

Abstract: A skin external composition containing 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-?-D-glucose (hereinafter referred to as “PGG”) and its use to improve moisture balance of skin are disclosed. The skin external composition, due to containing PGG, stimulates the formation of filaggrin in keratinocytes, increases loricrin and involucrin expression, thereby stimulating the formation of a normal keratin layer, and as a result, can strengthen the skin barrier function to provide an excellent skin moisturization improving effect. Thus, the composition is effective in improving moisture balance of skin. A method for moisturizing the skin using the composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: Unlike a conventional method for evaluating a degree of ultraviolet protection through visual evaluation, the disclosed method for measuring a sunlight protection function can accurately and objectively measure and determine a degree of sunlight protection by measuring a change due to a material to be measured with respect to an expression amount of skin tissue antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in skin cells, which decrease from exposure to sunlight, and/or a generation amount of S-nitrosylated protein. Additionally, the disclosed measurement method can determine whether blue/violet light of wavelengths of 400-500 nm, which induces the most skin damage among visible rays, is blocked and provide a more specified sunlight protection effect evaluation result. Moreover, by using the disclosed measurement method, a degree of sunlight protection can be indexed, and a sunlight protection composition for protecting normal skin from the blue/violet light can be provided.

Abstract: Unlike a conventional method for evaluating a degree of ultraviolet protection through visual evaluation, the disclosed method for measuring a sunlight protection function can accurately and objectively measure and determine a degree of sunlight protection by measuring a change due to a material to be measured with respect to an expression amount of skin tissue antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in skin cells, which decrease from exposure to sunlight, and/or a generation amount of S-nitrosylated protein. Additionally, the disclosed measurement method can determine whether blue/violet light of wavelengths of 400-500 nm, which induces the most skin damage among visible rays, is blocked and provide a more specified sunlight protection effect evaluation result. Moreover, by using the disclosed measurement method, a degree of sunlight protection can be indexed, and a sunlight protection composition for protecting normal skin from the blue/violet light can be provided.

Abstract: Provided is a cosmetic composition for improving skin elasticity containing Phyllanthus urinaria extract and a polymersome in which an anti-aging peptide is stabilized as active ingredients. The cosmetic composition of the present disclosure is efficacious in improving skin wrinkles, restoring skin elasticity and increasing skin water content, and thus is effective for improving skin elasticity.

Abstract: Provided is a cosmetic composition for improving skin elasticity containing Phyllanthus urinaria extract and a polymersome in which an anti-aging peptide is stabilized as active ingredients. The cosmetic composition of the present disclosure is efficacious in improving skin wrinkles, restoring skin elasticity and increasing skin water content, and thus is effective for improving skin elasticity.

Abstract: Disclosed are a printed circuit board and a method of manufacturing the printed circuit board. The printed circuit board includes an insulating layer, and a circuit pattern formed on the insulating layer, wherein the circuit pattern includes a first circuit pattern formed on the insulating layer and including a corner portion of an upper portion which has a predetermined curvature and a second circuit pattern formed on the first circuit pattern and configured to cover an upper surface of the first circuit pattern including the corner portion.

Abstract: Disclosed are a printed circuit board and a method of manufacturing the printed circuit board. The printed circuit board includes an insulating layer, and a circuit pattern formed on the insulating layer, wherein the circuit pattern includes a first circuit pattern formed on the insulating layer and including a corner portion of an upper portion which has a predetermined curvature and a second circuit pattern formed on the first circuit pattern and configured to cover an upper surface of the first circuit pattern including the corner portion.

Abstract: Disclosed are a printed circuit board and a method of manufacturing the printed circuit board. The printed circuit board includes an insulating layer, and a circuit pattern formed on the insulating layer, wherein the circuit pattern includes a first circuit pattern formed on the insulating layer and including a corner portion of an upper portion which has a predetermined curvature and a second circuit pattern formed on the first circuit pattern and configured to cover an upper surface of the first circuit pattern including the corner portion.

Abstract: There are provided a power conversion mode control apparatus of a bi-directional DC-DC converter including: a controlling unit determining an overall reference current so as to perform a power conversion from a side in which an actual voltage is relatively larger than a reference voltage to a side in which the actual voltage is relatively smaller than the reference voltage by comparing a voltage error of low voltage side and a voltage error of high voltage side with each other; and a duty command generating unit generating duty command based on a difference between the overall reference current and a current of low voltage side and providing the duty command to the bi-directional DC-DC converter.

Abstract: There is provided a driving circuit for a hybrid electric vehicle, including a first battery and a second battery, an inverter for converting an applied voltage to the form of direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) according to the operating mode of the motor, a converter operating in a boost mode or a buck mode according to the operating mode of the motor, and a processor for comparing a voltage (VB1) of the first battery and a voltage of a DC-link capacitor and controls electrical connection between the first battery, and the inverter and the converter during start-up, wherein the DC-link capacitor is connected in parallel to the first battery, the inverter, and the converter.

Abstract: In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition for moisturizing skin, which contains a bamboo sap and a betaine as active ingredients. Specifically, the composition exhibits skin moisturizing effect by regulating natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) and is useful as a cosmetic composition, a pharmaceutical composition or a health food composition effective in moisturizing skin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for calculating a thermal protection factor, wherein the method comprises the steps of: applying heat to a first area coated with a thermal protection material, and a second area not coated with the thermal protection material; measuring the respective saturation temperatures of the first area and second area; calculating a first energy by dividing the energy corresponding to the heat applied to the first area by the saturation temperature of the first area; calculating a second energy by dividing the energy corresponding to the heat applied to the second area by the saturation temperature of the second area; and calculating the thermal protection factor of a thermal protection material by dividing the first energy by the second energy or dividing the difference between the first energy and the second energy by the first energy.

Abstract: There are provided a power conversion mode control apparatus of a bi-directional DC-DC converter including: a controlling unit determining an overall reference current so as to perform a power conversion from a side in which an actual voltage is relatively larger than a reference voltage to a side in which the actual voltage is relatively smaller than the reference voltage by comparing a voltage error of low voltage side and a voltage error of high voltage side with each other; and a duty command generating unit generating duty command based on a difference between the overall reference current and a current of low voltage side and providing the duty command to the bi-directional DC-DC converter.

Abstract: Provided is a heating container in which a space divided by a partition is provided on a bottom of a container unit formed of a nonmetallic material with high heat transfer efficiency such as ceramic and a heating unit which generates heat using an induction magnetic field generated using a wireless power consortium method is formed therein, a display unit which emits light due to heat generated by the heating unit or a display unit which changes emitted color depending on a change in a temperature of the heat generated by the heating unit is formed on the outside of the container unit, and a heating temperature of the container unit formed of nonmetallic material is sensed and the heating temperature of the heating unit is controlled through communication between a power transmission unit and a power receiving unit depending on the sensed heating temperature.

Abstract: There is provided a driving circuit for a hybrid electric vehicle, including a first battery and a second battery, an inverter for converting an applied voltage to the form of direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) according to the operating mode of the motor, a converter operating in a boost mode or a buck mode according to the operating mode of the motor, and a processor for comparing a voltage (VB1) of the first battery and a voltage of a DC-link capacitor and controls electrical connection between the first battery, and the inverter and the converter during start-up, wherein the DC-link capacitor is connected in parallel to the first battery, the inverter, and the converter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly of a fuel cell stack, in which the concept of automation is introduced to the entire process for manufacturing the membrane electrode assembly and, in particular, bonding and stamping processes for the membrane electrode assembly and a gas diffusion layer are integrated. According to the present invention, it may be possible to reduce the installation area of the system and reduce the production cycle type, thus facilitating mass production.