Abstract: An organic light-emitting device and a flat panel display device, the organic-light emitting device including an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer therebetween including an emission layer, a hole transport region between the anode and the emission layer, the hole transport region including at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron blocking layer, an electron transport region between the emission layer and the cathode, the electron transport region including at least one of a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, and a buffer layer between the emission layer and the electron transport region, wherein the buffer layer includes a biscarbazole-based derivative and triphenylene-based derivative, and a triplet energy (ET1) of the biscarbazole-based derivative or the triphenylene-based derivative and a triplet energy (ET2) of a dopant of the emission layer satisfy the following relationship: ET1>ET2.

Abstract: A substrate processing method is provided. The substrate processing method comprises loading a substrate onto a substrate support inside a chamber, forming a plasma inside the chamber, providing a first DC pulse signal to an electromagnet that generates a magnetic field inside the chamber and processing the substrate with the plasma, wherein the first DC pulse signal is repeated at a first period including a first section and a second section subsequent to the first section, the first DC pulse signal has a first level during the first section, and the first DC pulse signal has a second level different from the first level during the second section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for an organic optoelectronic device, the composition comprising: a first host compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below; and a second host compound represented by Chemical Formula 2 below, to an organic optoelectronic device using the composition and a display device. The details of Chemical Formulas 1 and 2 above are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for an organic optoelectronic device, the composition comprising: a first host compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below; and a second host compound represented by Chemical Formula 2 below, to an organic optoelectronic device using the composition and a display device. The details of Chemical Formulas 1 and 2 above are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A memory controller controls a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks. The memory controller is configured to: control the memory device to store data in a first area among areas of the memory device using a single level cell method, wherein the data are corresponded to a write booster request which is received from a host, perform a wear leveling operation, based on a size of the data stored in the first area, a program-erase count of each of memory blocks of the first area, and a number of free blocks in the memory device and form a mapping relationship between a logical block address, which is received from the host, and a physical block address corresponding the first area.

Abstract: A light emitting diode package includes: a housing including a cavity region therein; a light emitting diode chip mounted in the cavity region of the housing; and a resin part formed in the cavity region to cover a light emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip. The housing includes a first surface and a second surface perpendicular to a width direction of the housing and spaced apart from each other, and a third surface and a fourth surface perpendicular a longitudinal direction of the housing and spaced apart from each other, in which the first surface and the second surface surround the resin part while the third surface and the fourth surface expose side surfaces of the resin part.

Abstract: An operation method of a controller for controlling a memory device includes: queuing an identifier of a logical address region associated with a read request from a host in a most recently used (MRU) entry of an internal logical address region queue; increasing a weighted value for a read count of the logical address region by a first value according to whether the identifier of the logical address region has been queued in the logical address region queue before being queued in the MRU entry; adding the weighted value to the read count of the logical address region; providing the host with a map segment corresponding to the logical address region according to a threshold of the read count; and controlling a read operation of the memory device based on a physical address according to whether the read request includes the physical address.

Abstract: A memory controller for controlling a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks includes, the memory controller is configure to: control the memory device to store data in a first area among areas of the memory device using a single level cell method, wherein the data are corresponded to a write booster request which is received from a host, perform a wear leveling operation, based on a size of the data stored in the first area, a program-erase count of each of memory blocks of the first area, and a number of free blocks in the memory device and form a mapping relationship between a logical block address, which is received from the host, and a physical block address corresponding the first area.

Abstract: An operation method of a controller for controlling a memory device includes: queuing an identifier of a logical address region associated with a read request from a host in a most recently used (MRU) entry of an internal logical address region queue; increasing a weighted value for a read count of the logical address region by a first value according to whether the identifier of the logical address region has been queued in the logical address region queue before being queued in the MRU entry; adding the weighted value to the read count of the logical address region; providing the host with a map segment corresponding to the logical address region according to a threshold of the read count; and controlling a read operation of the memory device based on a physical address according to whether the read request includes the physical address.

Abstract: There are provided a radiofrequency device for increasing amount of a bioactive substance in a plant cell and a plant cell culture method for increasing amount of useful intracellular secondary metabolites by using the radiofrequency device. The cell culture method of the present invention makes it possible to increase specific secondary metabolites such as daidzein, equol, and the like in a cell and thus can be used for development into various medicines, agricultural pesticides, spices, pigments, food additives, and cosmetics containing bioactive substances. Further, the cell culture method of the present invention improves conventional cell culture methods limitedly used for specific cells or specific metabolites for increasing amount of intracellular bioactive substances and thus can be widely applied to production of cells and secondary metabolites.

Abstract: There are provided a radiofrequency device for increasing amount of a bioactive substance in a plant cell and a plant cell culture method for increasing amount of useful intracellular secondary metabolites by using the radiofrequency device. The cell culture method of the present invention makes it possible to increase specific secondary metabolites such as daidzein, equol, and the like in a cell and thus can be used for development into various medicines, agricultural pesticides, spices, pigments, food additives, and cosmetics containing bioactive substances. Further, the cell culture method of the present invention improves conventional cell culture methods limitedly used for specific cells or specific metabolites for increasing amount of intracellular bioactive substances and thus can be widely applied to production of cells and secondary metabolites.

Abstract: There are provided a radiofrequency device for increasing amount of a bioactive substance in a plant cell and a plant cell culture method for increasing amount of useful intracellular secondary metabolites by using the radiofrequency device. The cell culture method of the present invention makes it possible to increase specific secondary metabolites such as daidzein, equol, and the like in a cell and thus can be used for development into various medicines, agricultural pesticides, spices, pigments, food additives, and cosmetics containing bioactive substances. Further, the cell culture method of the present invention improves conventional cell culture methods limitedly used for specific cells or specific metabolites for increasing amount of intracellular bioactive substances and thus can be widely applied to production of cells and secondary metabolites.

Abstract: There are provided a radiofrequency device for increasing amount of a bioactive substance in a plant cell and a plant cell culture method for increasing amount of useful intracellular secondary metabolites by using the radiofrequency device. The cell culture method of the present invention makes it possible to increase specific secondary metabolites such as daidzein, equol, and the like in a cell and thus can be used for development into various medicines, agricultural pesticides, spices, pigments, food additives, and cosmetics containing bioactive substances. Further, the cell culture method of the present invention improves conventional cell culture methods limitedly used for specific cells or specific metabolites for increasing amount of intracellular bioactive substances and thus can be widely applied to production of cells and secondary metabolites.

Abstract: A method of producing a rice cake that becomes not hardened for a long time period, a rice cake produced by using the method, and a processed food produced by processing the rice cake are provided. The method includes: (a) immersing grains in water and removing the water therefrom; (b) grinding the grains from which water is removed, adding water thereto, and then grinding the grains to which water is added; (c) steaming the ground grains; and (d) cooling the steamed grains, adding flour thereto, and then punching the resultant product. The rice cake has a long storage time and is suitable for a long-term distribution. The rice cake preserves its soft texture for a long time period and is thus appropriate for consumers' acceptability.

Abstract: Provided are a method of producing a waxy rice cake that is not hardened for shelf-life, including: (a) immersing waxy rice in water and removing the water therefrom; (b) first steaming the waxy rice from which water is removed; (c) adding salt and water to the first steamed waxy rice, followed by second steaming; and (d) cooling the second steamed waxy rice and adding flour thereto, followed by punching, a waxy rice cake produced by using the method, and a processed food produced by processing the waxy rice cake. The waxy rice cake has longer storage duration than a conventional waxy rice cake and due to the long storage duration, the waxy rice cake can be distributed for shelf-life according to storage conditions. Also, the waxy rice cake retains its chewy texture and thus is suitable for consumers' tastes.

Abstract: A method of producing a rice cake that becomes not hardened for a long time period, a rice cake produced by using the method, and a processed food produced by processing the rice cake are provided. The method includes: (a) immersing grains in water and removing the water therefrom; (b) grinding the grains from which water is removed, adding water thereto, and then grinding the grains to which water is added; (c) steaming the ground grains; and (d) cooling the steamed grains, adding flour thereto, and then punching the resultant product. The rice cake has a long storage time and is suitable for a long-term distribution. The rice cake preserves its soft texture for a long time period and is thus appropriate for consumers' acceptability.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for producing 3D sound. The apparatus includes a determination unit, a mono sound spreading unit, a stereo sound spreading unit, a selection unit, and a 3D sound accelerator. The determination unit receives a source sound file and determines whether the source sound file is mono or stereo. The mono sound spreading unit converts the source sound into pseudo-stereo sound and performs sound spreading on the pseudo-stereo sound, if the source sound is determined to be mono. The stereo sound spreading unit performs sound spreading on the source sound, if the source sound is determined to be stereo. The selection unit receives the output of the mono sound spreading unit or stereo sound spreading unit, and transfers the output to headphones if the headphone reproduction has been selected.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for producing 3D sound. The apparatus includes a determination unit, a mono sound spreading unit, a stereo sound spreading unit, a selection unit, and a 3D sound accelerator. The determination unit receives a source sound file and determines whether the source sound file is mono or stereo. The mono sound spreading unit converts the source sound into pseudo-stereo sound and performs sound spreading on the pseudo-stereo sound, if the source sound is determined to be mono. The stereo sound spreading unit performs sound spreading on the source sound, if the source sound is determined to be stereo. The selection unit receives the output of the mono sound spreading unit or stereo sound spreading unit, and transfers the output to headphones if the headphone reproduction has been selected.