Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a memory cell array and a row decoder. The memory cell array includes a plurality of mats. A first cell string of first mat is connected to a plurality of first word-lines, a first bit-line and a first string selection line. A second cell string of second mat is connected to a plurality of second word-lines, a second bit-line and a second string selection line. Each of the first and second cell strings includes a ground selection transistor, memory cells, and a string selection transistor coupled in series. The row decoder applies a first voltage to a third word-line among the plurality of first and second word-lines for a first period of time in a single mat mode and to apply a second voltage to the third word-line for a second period of time longer than the first period of time in a multi-mat mode.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a device address of a wireless local network includes an alien beacon determination unit which determines whether a received beacon is an alien beacon; a zone identity management unit which compares an alien zone identity included in the received beacon with a zone identity of a corresponding device if the received beacon is the alien beacon, and regenerates the zone identity of the corresponding device if the alien zone identity is identical to the zone identity of the corresponding device; and a device address generation unit which regenerates a device address of the corresponding device if a device address of an alien beacon group is identical to the device address of the corresponding device.

Abstract: A method of operating a wireless universal serial bus (USB) apparatus and the wireless USB apparatus using the same. The method including: receiving operation state information from a neighboring wireless USB apparatus in a beacon period (BP); the wireless USB apparatus, which is operating as a host in a first cluster by using the operation state information, identifying a distributed reservation protocol (DRP) corresponding to a second cluster; and the wireless USB apparatus, which is operating as the host in the first cluster, participating in the second cluster as a device by transmitting and receiving data in the DRP corresponding to the second cluster. Accordingly, the wireless USB apparatus which operates as a host may participate in a neighboring WUSB cluster as a device.

Abstract: A Viterbi decoder for executing a trace-back work in parallel and a decoding method.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a device address of a wireless local network includes an alien beacon determination unit which determines whether a received beacon is an alien beacon; a zone identity management unit which compares an alien zone identity included in the received beacon with a zone identity of a corresponding device if the received beacon is the alien beacon, and regenerates the zone identity of the corresponding device if the alien zone identity is identical to the zone identity of the corresponding device; and a device address generation unit which regenerates a device address of the corresponding device if a device address of an alien beacon group is identical to the device address of the corresponding device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of receiving and transmitting data in a wireless local network is provided. An apparatus for receiving data in a wireless local network includes: a congestion determiner which determines whether there is a congestion in a buffer storing received data if the data is received via a prioritized contention access (PCA) period; and a congestion information transmitter which transmits, in the PCA period or a beacon period (BP), congestion generation information in a medium access control (MAC) frame or a beacon frame if there is the congestion in the buffer.

Abstract: A method of operating a wireless universal serial bus (USB) apparatus and the wireless USB apparatus using the same. The method including: receiving operation state information from a neighboring wireless USB apparatus in a beacon period (BP); the wireless USB apparatus, which is operating as a host in a first cluster by using the operation state information, identifying a distributed reservation protocol (DRP) corresponding to a second cluster; and the wireless USB apparatus, which is operating as the host in the first cluster, participating in the second cluster as a device by transmitting and receiving data in the DRP corresponding to the second cluster. Accordingly, the wireless USB apparatus which operates as a host may participate in a neighboring WUSB cluster as a device.

Abstract: A Viterbi decoder for executing a trace-back work in parallel and a decoding method.