Abstract: A method for improving estimation of leaf area index in an early growth stage of wheat based on red-edge bands of Sentinel-2 satellite images includes the following steps: acquiring field background spectrum and wheat canopy spectrum information by means of Sentinel-2; respectively acquiring a “straw-soil” spectrum and a “wheat-straw-soil” spectrum, and calculating slopes of red-edge areas of the “straw-soil” spectrum and the “wheat-straw-soil” spectrum; calculating a tangent function SATF corrected by a background adjustment coefficient ?; constructing a wheat LAI estimation model based on a spectral variable SATFNIR-RE2; performing preliminary screening on the LAI estimation model using cross validation; and then testing the screened model with independent data.

Abstract: In various examples, sensor data may be received that represents a field of view of a sensor of a vehicle located in a physical environment. The sensor data may be applied to a machine learning model that computes both a set of boundary points that correspond to a boundary dividing drivable free-space from non-drivable space in the physical environment and class labels for boundary points of the set of boundary points that correspond to the boundary. Locations within the physical environment may be determined from the set of boundary points represented by the sensor data, and the vehicle may be controlled through the physical environment within the drivable free-space using the locations and the class labels.

Abstract: A method of displaying an image, an electronic device, and a storage medium, which relate to an image processing field, in particular to fields of a three-dimensional display technology and a computer graphics technology, and are applied to augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality or other scenarios. The method includes: obtaining an adjusted parameter value in response to a triggering operation of an editing control for a parameter item to be adjusted; generating a three-dimensional avatar related to a target image, based on the adjusted parameter value, three-dimensional model data, and target image data of the target image; generating a preview image of the three-dimensional avatar according to the three-dimensional avatar; and displaying the three-dimensional avatar by using the adjusted parameter value, in response to a determination that a preview effect of the preview image meets an expected effect.

Abstract: Disclosed are personal care compositions, e.g., natural liquid soap compositions, comprising an effective amount of a long chain alkyl (C6-C22) anionic surfactant (e.g., disodium 2-sulfolaurate), an effective amount of an amphoteric surfactant (e.g., cocamidopropyl betaine), an effective amount of one or more alkyl glucoside(s) (e.g., decyl glucoside and coco-glucoside); and water, as well as to methods of using these compositions.

Abstract: A hybrid light measurement method for measuring a three-dimensional profile comprises: Step 1 using a MEMS laser projector to realize projection of a laser stripe and a fringe pattern: and Step 2 performing matching to obtain a parallax, and incorporating a binocular stereo vision to perform reconstruction. The present disclosure employs MEMS projection technology to realize a hybrid measurement system capable of performing laser stripe measurement and fringe pattern measurement, thereby realizing quick measurement of three-dimensional profiles of objects having different surface properties. The present disclosure enables laser stripe measurement and fringe pattern measurement to be performed by the same measurement system without needing any additional hardware equipment. The projection device used in the present disclosure enables projection of multiple laser stripes, thereby increasing measurement precision and speed.

Abstract: A hybrid light measurement method for measuring a three-dimensional profile comprises: Step 1 using a MEMS laser projector to realize projection of a laser stripe and a fringe pattern: and Step 2 performing matching to obtain a parallax, and incorporating a binocular stereo vision to perform reconstruction. The present disclosure employs MEMS projection technology to realize a hybrid measurement system capable of performing laser stripe measurement and fringe pattern measurement, thereby realizing quick measurement of three-dimensional profiles of objects having different surface properties. The present disclosure enables laser stripe measurement and fringe pattern measurement to be performed by the same measurement system without needing any additional hardware equipment. The projection device used in the present disclosure enables projection of multiple laser stripes, thereby increasing measurement precision and speed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for pattern driven page table updates. For example, one embodiment of an apparatus comprises a graphics processing unit (GPU) to process graphics commands and responsively render a plurality of image frames; a hypervisor to virtualize the GPU to share the GPU among a plurality of virtual machines (VMs); a first guest page table managed within a first VM, the first guest page table comprising a plurality of page table entries; a first shadow page table managed by the hypervisor and comprising page table entries corresponding to the page table entries of the first guest page table; and a command parser to analyze a current working set of commands submitted from the first VM to the GPU, the command parser to responsively update the first shadow page table responsive to determining a set of page table entries predicted to be used based on the analysis of the working set of commands.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed that may comprise applying compact markup notation to a general recursive computing system including hardware and software components, the compact markup notation defining things, places, paths, actions and causes within at least one of the hardware and the software of the general recursive computing system, to establish a set of data comprising a definitive description of the general recursive computing system in the compact notation; and synthesizing a self-aware and self-monitoring primitive recursive computing system utilizing the definitive description in the compact markup notation.

Abstract: In a transmitter, data segments are transmitted in accordance with a predefined data protocol. The predefined data protocol is modified to define a first segment size and a second segment size. The first segment size represents a minimum segment size that can be transmitted. The second segment size represents a maximum segment size that can be transmitted. A segment is created and transmitted whenever a quantity of time-sensitive information available for transmission allows a segment to be constructed having a segment size between the minimum segment size and the maximum segment size. A segment of any size up to the maximum segment size is also created and transmitted whenever any time-sensitive information is available for transmission and an acknowledgement message is received by the transmitter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficient data transmission in a wireless voice-over-data communication system. In a transmitter, data segments are transmitted in accordance with a predefined data protocol. The predefined data protocol is modified to define a first segment size and a second segment size. The first segment size represents a minimum segment size that can be transmitted. The second segment size represents a maximum segment size that can be transmitted. A segment is created and transmitted whenever a quantity of time-sensitive information available for transmission allows a segment to be constructed having a segment size between the minimum segment size and the maximum segment size. A segment of any size up to the maximum segment size is also created and transmitted whenever any time-sensitive information is available for transmission and an acknowledgement message is received by the transmitter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing voice latency in a voice-over-data wireless communication system. In a transmitter, data frames are created from audio information by a vocoder and stored in a queue. Prior to storage, some of the data frames are eliminated, or dropped, and are not stored in the queue. In a receiver, data frames are generated from received signals and stored in a queue. Prior to storage in the receiver queue, some of the data frames are dropped. Data frames are dropped either at a single fixed rate, a dual fixed rate, or a variable rate, generally depending on a communication channel latency. By dropping data frames at the transmitter, the receiver, or both, voice latency due to data frame retransmissions is reduced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for allowing a transparent service option transition between at least two wireless communication devices (WCDs). A first communication between a first WCD and a second WCD is established using a first service option. At some point during the first communication, a transition to a second service option, such as an asynchronous data service option, is initiated. At least one of the WCDs provides an identification code to the other WCD using a signaling protocol over the first service option. The first communication is then terminated. A second communication using the second service option is then initiated by one of the WCDs, resulting in a seamless transition to the second service option.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing voice latency in a voice-over-data wireless communication system. In a transmitter, data frames are created from audio information by a vocoder and stored in a queue. Prior to storage, some of the data frames are eliminated, or dropped, and are not stored in the queue. In a receiver, data frames are generated from received signals and stored in a queue. Prior to storage in the receiver queue, some of the data frames are dropped. Data frames are dropped either at a single fixed rate, a dual fixed rate, or a variable rate, generally depending on a communication channel latency. By dropping data frames at the transmitter, the receiver, or both, voice latency due to data frame retransmissions is reduced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing voice latency in a voice-over-data wireless communication system. In a transmitter, data frames are created from audio information by a vocoder and stored in a queue. Prior to storage, some of the data frames are eliminated, or dropped, and are not stored in the queue. In a receiver, data frames are generated from received signals and stored in a queue. Prior to storage in the receiver queue, some of the data frames are dropped. Data frames are dropped either at a single fixed rate, a dual fixed rate, or a variable rate, generally depending on a communication channel latency. By dropping data frames at the transmitter, the receiver, or both, voice latency due to data frame retransmissions is reduced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the probability of successful data frame transmission from a transmitter to a receiver. When a data frame is generated by a processor, it is stored in a transmit queue and a copy of the data frame is stored in a secondary queue. An elapsed time device tracks the elapsed time that the data frame copy has been stored in the secondary queue. When no data frames are generated by the processor, data frame copies from the secondary queue are placed into the transmit queue, thereby increasing the redundancy of transmitted data frames and thus the probability of successful transmission to the receiver.

Abstract: In a transmitter, data segments are transmitted in accordance with a predefined data protocol. The predefined data protocol is modified to define a first segment size and a second segment size. The first segment size represents a minimum segment size that can be transmitted. The second segment size represents a maximum segment size that can be transmitted. A segment is created and transmitted whenever a quantity of time-sensitive information available for transmission allows a segment to be constructed having a segment size between the minimum segment size and the maximum segment size. A segment of any size up to the maximum segment size is also created and transmitted whenever any time-sensitive information is available for transmission and an acknowledgement message is received by the transmitter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficient data retransmission in a voice-over-data communication system between a first wireless communication device and a second wireless communication device, without affecting existing infrastructure. When a data frame containing audio information is received in error by the first wireless communication device, n negative-acknowledgement messages are sent from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device which sent the frame, each of the negative acknowledgement messages transmitted in close succession to each other. When a negative-acknowledgement message is received by the first wireless communication device from the second wireless communication device, n copies of the frame identified by the negative-acknowledgement message is transmitted by the first wireless communication device, each of the copies transmitted in close succession to each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the probability of successful data frame transmission from a transmitter to a receiver. When a data frame is generated by a processor, it is stored in a transmit queue and a copy of the data frame is stored in a secondary queue. An elapsed time device tracks the elapsed time that the data frame copy has been stored in the secondary queue. When no data frames are generated by the processor, data frame copies from the secondary queue are placed into the transmit queue, thereby increasing the redundancy of transmitted data frames and thus the probability of successful transmission to the receiver.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for allowing a transparent service option transition between at least two wireless communication devices (WCDs). A first communication between a first WCD and a second WCD is established using a first service option. At some point during the first communication, a transition to a second service option, such as an asynchronous data service option, is initiated. At least one of the WCDs provides an identification code to the other WCD using a signaling protocol over the first service option. The first communication is then terminated. A second communication using the second service option is then initiated by one of the WCDs, resulting in a seamless transition to the second service option.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the probability of successful data frame transmission from a transmitter to a receiver. When a data frame is generated by a processor, it is stored in a transmit queue and a copy of the data frame is stored in a secondary queue. An elapsed time device tracks the elapsed time that the data frame copy has been stored in the secondary queue. When no data frames are generated by the processor, data frame copies from the secondary queue are placed into the transmit queue, thereby increasing the redundancy of transmitted data frames and thus the probability of successful transmission to the receiver.