Abstract: A vehicle adaptive cruise control system and method are provided. The adaptive cruise control system, comprising an adaptive cruise mode selection unit configured to select adaptive cruise modes to control speeds and relative distances for a host vehicle in different modes; a data acquisition unit configured to acquire a vehicle state variable x(t); a control unit configured to generate a vehicle control signal u(t) based on the vehicle state variable x(t); a critic unit configured to evaluate a control performance according to the vehicle state variable x(t) and the vehicle control signal u(t), if a result of evaluation indicates that the control performance does not comply with a requirement, then the control unit and the critic unit perform an online leaning; a gas pedal unit and a brake unit configured to be controlled respectively by using the vehicle control signal u(t) output from the is control unit and data provided from a the vehicle inverse dynamics.

Abstract: A vehicle adaptive cruise control system and method are provided. The adaptive cruise control system, comprising an adaptive cruise mode selection unit configured to select adaptive cruise modes to control speeds and relative distances for a host vehicle in different modes; a data acquisition unit configured to acquire a vehicle state variable x(t); a control unit configured to generate a vehicle control signal u(t) based on the vehicle state variable x(t); a critic unit configured to evaluate a control performance according to the vehicle state variable x(t) and the vehicle control signal u(t), if a result of evaluation indicates that the control performance does not comply with a requirement, then the control unit and the critic unit perform an online leaning; a gas pedal unit and a brake unit configured to be controlled respectively by using the vehicle control signal u(t) output from the is control unit and data provided from a the vehicle inverse dynamics.

Abstract: Novel chemical compounds of the general formula K+A? useful as industrial solvents, especially as ligands, for efficient catalyst recycling.

Abstract: Novel chemical compounds of the general formula K+A?, in which K+ is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring having 1-3 hetereo atoms, which can be independently N, S, or O; with the proviso that at least one of the hetereo atoms must be a quaternized nitrogen atom having a —R?CN substituent, wherein R? is alkyl (C1 to C12); the heterocyclic ring having up to 4 or 5 substituents independently chosen from the moieties: (i) H; (ii) halogen or (iii) alkyl (C1 to C12), which is unsubstituted or partially or fully substituted by further groups, preferably F, Cl, N(CnF(2n+1?x)Hx)2, O(CnF(2n+1?x)Hx), SO2(CnF(2n+1?x)Hx)2 or CnF(2n+1?x)Hx where 1<n<6 and 0<x<13; and (iv) a phenyl ring which is unsubstituted or partially or fully substituted by further groups, preferably F, Cl, N(CnF(2n+1?x)Hx)2, O(CnF(2n+1?x)Hx), SO2(CnF(2n+1?x)Hx)2 or CnF(2n+1?x)Hx where 1<n<6 and 0<x?13; and A? is any anion that provides a salt with a low melting point, below about 100° C.

Abstract: Novel chemical compounds of the general formula K+A?, in which K+is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring having 1-3 hetereo atoms, which can be independently N, S, or O; with the proviso that at least one of the hetereo atoms must be a quaternized nitrogen atom having a —R?CN substituent, wherein R? is alkyl (C1 to C12); the heterocyclic ring having up to 4 or 5 substituents independently chosen from the moieties: (i) H; (ii) halogen or (iii) alkyl (C1 to C12), which is unsubstituted or partially or fully substituted by further groups, preferably F, Cl, N(CnF(2n+1?x)Hx)2, O(CnF(2n+1?x)Hx), SO2(CnF(2n+1?x)Hx)2 or CnF(2n+1?x)Hx where 1<n<6 and 0<x<13; and (iv) a phenyl ring which is unsubstituted or partially or fully substituted by further groups, preferably F, Cl, N(CnF(2n+1?x)Hx)2, O(CnF(2n+1?X)Hx), SO2(CnF(2n+1?x)Hx)2 or CnF(2n+1?x)Hx where 1<n<6 and 0<x?13; and A? is any anion that provides a salt with a low melting point, below about 100° C.