Abstract: The invention discloses the use of the G-CSF dimer in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Use of the G-CSF dimer of the present invention can significantly increase the number of dopaminergic neuron in the substantia nigra in PD model animals and enhance the function of dopaminergic neurons. In addition, the G-CSF dimer can significantly reduce apoptosis of neuron in hippocampus and improve learning and memory ability of AD model rats. Serum half-life of the G-CSF dimer of the invention is prolonged and the loss of neurons is effectively prevented, providing a better therapeutic effect in treatment of neurodegenerative disease.

Abstract: The invention discloses the use of the G-CSF dimer in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Use of the G-CSF dimer of the present invention can significantly increase the number of dopaminergic neuron in the substantia nigra in PD model animals and enhance the function of dopaminergic neurons. In addition, the G-CSF dimer can significantly reduce apoptosis of neuron in hippocampus and improve learning and memory ability of AD model rats. Serum half-life of the G-CSF dimer of the invention is prolonged and the loss of neurons is effectively prevented, providing a better therapeutic effect in treatment of neurodegenerative disease.

Abstract: A chimeric, non-human, genetically-immunocompetent mammal is disclosed. The hematopoietic system of the mammal has human passaged bone marrow stromal cells and human hematopoietic stem cells obtained from a CD34.sup.+ -enriched bone marrow fraction, and also contains transplanted syngeneic non-lymphoid spleen colony cells. The mammal may be a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, a cat, a dog, a pig, a sheep or a non-human primate. The mammal can be produced by providing a non-human, genetically-immunocompetent mammal in which its immunologic genotype comports with the norm for the species of the mammal, exposing the mammal to a level of x- or gamma-radiation that is sufficient to destroy substantially all bone marrow in the mammal to render the mammal phenotypically immunodeficient, then transplanting into the mammal syngeneic non-lymphoid spleen colony cells and human passaged bone marrow stromal cells, and transplanting into the mammal human hematopoietic stem cells obtained from a CD34.sup.