Abstract: A communication system, a service invocation method, and an apparatus, relating to the field of wireless communication. In the communication system, a network function of a core network is deployed on a blockchain in a form of smart contract for invocation by a terminal, a radio access network node, an application function network element, a network function network element, or an operation, administration and maintenance network element. In this way, convergence of a blockchain network and the core network can be implemented, allowing communication behavior and various types of data in the communication system to be traceable and queryable, and enhancing communication security. In addition, a node in the communication system may obtain an invocation request, and invoke a smart contract on a blockchain based on the invocation request, to implement a corresponding network function.

Abstract: This application provides a method and an apparatus for editing a block chain. The method for editing a block chain includes: A first node receives a request message used to request to edit data, and performs endorsement on the request message to generate an endorsement result. Further, the first node sends the endorsement result to each of at least one second node, where the at least one second node belongs to a second node set. The node with the endorsement function in the block chain performs endorsement on an editing request, and sends an endorsement result to a node with an editing function, to implement block chain editing while improving security assurance.

Abstract: A communication method applied to a first communication apparatus includes sending a first message to a second communication apparatus. The first message is for requesting to set up data consensus protocol (DCP) initial access. The first message includes an identifier of the first communication apparatus and a blockchain identifier. The method also includes a second message from the second communication apparatus. The second message indicates a consensus mode set for blockchain communication. The method further includes sending a third message to the second communication apparatus. The third message indicates first consensus mode information in the consensus mode set. The method additionally includes receiving a fourth message from the second communication apparatus. The fourth message indicates that the DCP initial access succeeds or fails.

Abstract: In a communication method, a first network element sends request information to a second network element deployed in an operator network, where the request information is used to request to perform a first operation on a first smart contract (SC) that the first network element expects to manage. The second network element sends indication information to a first node in a first blockchain (BC) based on the request information, where the indication information indicates to perform the first operation on the first SC, and the first BC is a BC on which the first SC is to be deployed or has been deployed. The first node in the first BC performs the first operation on the first SC in response to the indication information.

Abstract: This application provides a smart contract-based communication method and an apparatus, relating to the field of wireless communication. The method may be applied to a network resulting from the convergence of a blockchain network and a core network, to resolve a problem of how to perform communication between nodes based on a blockchain technology in the converged network. This application provides a plurality of smart contract-based communication methods, relating to a smart contract discovery process, a smart contract subscription process, a smart contract invocation process, and a smart contract authorization process.

Abstract: In a homomorphic encryption-based communication method, a key generation party obtains a first key parameter, where the first key parameter is a key parameter related to an updated root key of a network device accessed by a terminal device. The key generation party derives a homomorphic encryption and decryption key based on the first key parameter using a homomorphic encryption and decryption algorithm, where the homomorphic encryption and decryption key is used for a homomorphic task in which the terminal device participates. Therefore, in communication systems, when information about the homomorphic task in which the terminal device participates changes, the key generation party can re-derive, based on an updated upper-level key of the homomorphic key, a homomorphic key used for the homomorphic task.

Abstract: This application provides a user-level homomorphic encryption management method and an apparatus. In the method, a terminal or a network apparatus may determine a homomorphic encryption algorithm by comprehensively considering homomorphic security capabilities of a terminal side and a network side, which helps the terminal provide user-level high privacy protection strength. In addition, a user-level homomorphic key may be determined based on the homomorphic encryption algorithm, thereby implementing user-level key management.

Abstract: A signaling transmission method proposes a trustworthiness protocol and protocol stack of a communication network, including a trustworthiness control plane protocol and protocol stack, and a trustworthiness service plane protocol and protocol stack. The trustworthiness control plane protocol is used for transmission of trustworthiness signaling, management of a trustworthiness capability, subscription to trustworthiness information, negotiation of a trustworthiness policy between communication nodes, a trustworthiness service, and the like. The trustworthiness service plane protocol is used for transmission and processing of trustworthiness data.

Abstract: The method includes: A first control network element obtains a first homomorphic encryption key corresponding to a first domain; the first control network element sends the first homomorphic encryption key to M first homomorphic enabling units belonging to the first domain, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1; and the first control network element sends a first homomorphic computation key to N second homomorphic enabling units belonging to the first domain, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the first homomorphic computation key is determined based on the first homomorphic encryption key and/or a first homomorphic decryption key corresponding to the first homomorphic encryption key.

Abstract: This application discloses a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: A fourth entity sends first information to a first entity, where the first information is used to determine first configuration information of the first entity, and the first configuration information is configuration information used by the first entity to provide a security capability for a third entity. The first entity sends first feedback information, where the first feedback information indicates whether the first entity is successfully configured with the first configuration information. According to the method, the fourth entity can configure the first entity based on the first information, so that the first entity can be configured quickly and flexibly.

Abstract: This application provides a radio access network architecture. The radio access network architecture includes a cluster node and a serving node. The serving node provides task scheduling and executing functions, and the cluster node provides a region-level centralized collaboration function for the serving node and a collaboration function between cross-region cluster nodes.

Abstract: A first network element receives first attestation information from a terminal. The first network element obtains a first trusted attestation result of the terminal based on the first attestation information and first expected information.

Abstract: In a blockchain establishment method a first ledger anchor function (LAF) network element obtains chain establishment requirement information of a first blockchain, and sends first indication information to a second LAF network element corresponding to a first network area. The chain establishment requirement information is used to determine a requirement of the first blockchain, the first indication information is determined based on the chain establishment requirement information, and the first indication information indicates a requirement of the first blockchain in the first network area.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a trustworthiness measurement method and apparatus, and a system. An example method includes: A remote attestation service RAS network element obtains an attestation result of a first remote attestation agency RAA network element. The RAS network element receives a first request from a second RAA network element, where the first request is used to request the attestation result of the first RAA network element. The RAS network element sends the attestation result of the first RAA network element to the second RAA network element.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method. The method includes: A first security module generates a security policy based on a trustworthiness requirement statement of a first node and/or a network global trustworthiness policy of the first node and a trustworthiness requirement statement of a second node and/or the network global trustworthiness policy of the second node, where the first security module is a security module serving the first node, and the second security module is a security module serving the second node; and the first security module sends the security policy to the second security module, where the security policy is used for secure communication between the first node and the second node.

Abstract: A communication method is described where a first security module executes a first security service or managing the first security module based on a first request message received from a requester, wherein the first security service is usable to call a security capability, the requester comprises a first node, a second node, or a second security module, the first security module serves the first node, and the second security module serves the second node. The first security module sends a first feedback message to the requester, wherein the first feedback message is usable to feed back, to the requester, an execution result of the first security service or a management result of the first security module.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method. The method includes: A first module executes a first security service based on a first request message received from a requester, where the first request message is used to request one or more trusted services, the requester includes a first node or a second node, the first module is a module serving the first node, and the second module is a module serving the second node; and the first module sends a first feedback message to the requester, where the first feedback message is used to feed back an execution result of the first security service to the requester.

Abstract: This application provides a blockchain creation method and a related apparatus. The method includes: sending a first message to at least one first node, where the first message is for configuring the first node to be a blockchain node; and receiving a first indication message from the at least one first node, where the first indication message indicates whether the first node is successfully configured. A type of the first node includes at least one of the following: a terminal device, an access network device, a core network element, an independent node, an application function node, or an edge network node.

Abstract: A terminal may send, to a first node, a first message indicating that the terminal is to access a network, so that the first node configures a key for the terminal and the network to be accessed by the terminal. In this way, authentication or authorization can be performed between the terminal and the network by using the configured key instead of a key in a SIM card, so that the SIM card and the network are unbound. Therefore, if a user expects to switch the network, the user does not need to replace the SIM card, thereby improving user experience.

Abstract: A power supply detection apparatus includes a power sourcing equipment (PSE) circuit, a power supply module, and a reverse circuit. The PSE circuit is configured to send a first sounding electrical signal and a second sounding electrical signal to the reverse circuit. The reverse circuit outputs the first sounding electrical signal to a wire-pair group of an Ethernet cable, performs reverse processing on the second sounding electrical signal, and outputs a reverse-processed second sounding electrical signal to the wire-pair group. The PSE circuit is configured to determine, using the first sounding electrical signal, a forward sounding result of a to-be-detected device; and determine a reverse sounding result of the to-be-detected device based on the second sounding electrical signal. The power supply detection apparatus is configured to determine that the to-be-detected device is a non-PD when the forward sounding result or the reverse sounding result is a short circuit.