Abstract: A heat treatment apparatus is provided, which includes: a first cover plate including three or more first windows; a second cover plate including two or more second windows, the second windows are transmissive to radiation with a wavelength of 2.7 ?m; a workpiece support element between the first cover plate and the second cover plate, configured to support the semiconductor workpiece; a temperature measurement component comprising an infrared emitter, at least two infrared reflection sensors that are successive and at least two infrared transmission sensors, where the three or more first windows comprise a first window at a first position, a first window at least one middle position and a first window at a final position in a horizontal direction away from the infrared emitter, and a surface facing to the second cover plate of the first window at the middle position has a reflection transmission coating layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of finishing extruded titanium alloy workpieces by generating an extruded near net shape workpiece, cooling the extruded near net shape workpiece to a cooled temperature below the beta transus temperature, and then rolling the extruded near net shape workpiece one or more times at a rolling temperature to yield a final shape workpiece with desired properties.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system, apparatus, and method for making statistics on Point to Point Protocol (PPP) negotiation state in a wireless system. The system includes: at least one user terminal; a packet data serving node communicating with the user terminal via PPP; a base station controller; and a call detail information recorder; wherein the base station controller, communicatively connected to the user terminal, captures a PPP negotiation packet of the user terminal, analyzes a PPP negotiation flow in the PPP negotiation packet, and sends an analysis result to the call detail information recorder; and the call detail information recorder, communicatively connected to the base station controller, collects data of various PPP negotiation states in the wireless system according to the analysis result. The disclosure conveniently counts PPP negotiation failures caused by the wireless system, thereby accurately reflecting performance of the whole wireless packet data system.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a system for making statistics on Point to Point Protocol (PPP) negotiation state in a wireless system, which includes at least one user terminal and a packet data serving node that realizes a communication a connection with the user terminal via the PPP, and the system further includes a base station controller and a call detail information recorder; wherein the base station controller is communicatively connected to the user terminal, and is configured to capture a PPP negotiation packet of the user terminal, analyze a PPP negotiation flow in the PPP negotiation packet and send an analysis result to the call detail information recorder; and the call detail information recorder is communicatively connected to the base station controller, and is configured to make statistics on various state data of a PPP negotiation in the wireless system according to the analysis result.

Abstract: Bulk nanocrystalline Ti-based alloys were produced by conventional cooling from the corresponding liquid or high temperature solid phase followed by annealing at an appropriate temperature for a certain amount of time. The titanium-based alloys have a composition represented by the following formula, Ti.sub.a Cr.sub.b Cu.sub.c M.sub.d whereinM is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Mo, Fe.a, b, c, and d are atomic percentages falling within the following ranges:60<a<90, 2<b<20, 2<c<25, and 1<d<15.Generally, the titanium-based alloys are in a nanocrystalline state, sometimes coexisting with an amorphous phase. These titanium-based alloys are economically produced, free of porosity and high strength (twice as that of commercial alloys) with good ductility. Furthermore, these bulk nanocrystalline alloys can be made in large-sized ingots, thermally recycled and have good processability. These properties make these alloys suitable for various applications.