Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device may include: forming a stack comprising first material layers and second material layers that are alternately stacked; forming an opening in the stack; forming a first seed layer in the opening; forming a first buffer layer by surface-treating the first seed layer; and forming a blocking layer by oxidizing the first seed layer through the first buffer layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound, a plurality of host materials, and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. By comprising the compound according to the present disclosure or by comprising a specific combination of compounds according to the present disclosure as a plurality of host materials, it is possible to produce an organic electroluminescent device having improved driving voltage, luminous efficiency, and/or lifetime properties compared to the conventional organic electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a pedal module including an accelerator pedal; a pedal sensing unit; a pedal monitoring unit; and a control unit. The pedal monitoring unit determines whether an accelerating state of a vehicle is in an abnormal sudden acceleration state using abnormal sudden acceleration determination information transmitted from the pedal sensing unit, and transmits an accelerator pedal output signal to the control unit. The accelerator pedal output signal is based on the rotation angle of the accelerator pedal when the accelerating state of the vehicle is not in the abnormal sudden accelerating state. The accelerator pedal output signal is a controlled accelerator pedal output signal when the accelerating state of the vehicle is in the abnormal sudden accelerating state. The control unit controls the vehicle according to the accelerator pedal output signal. The abnormal sudden acceleration determination information includes information on the force applied to the accelerator pedal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pedal module including an accelerator pedal; a pedal sensing unit; a pedal monitoring unit; and a control unit. The pedal monitoring unit determines whether an accelerating state of a vehicle is in an abnormal sudden acceleration state using abnormal sudden acceleration determination information transmitted from the pedal sensing unit, and transmits an accelerator pedal output signal to the control unit. The accelerator pedal output signal is based on the rotation angle of the accelerator pedal when the accelerating state of the vehicle is not in the abnormal sudden accelerating state. The accelerator pedal output signal is a controlled accelerator pedal output signal when the accelerating state of the vehicle is in the abnormal sudden accelerating state. The control unit controls the vehicle according to the accelerator pedal output signal. The abnormal sudden acceleration determination information includes information on the force applied to the accelerator pedal.