Abstract: A vehicle thermal management system includes: a control valve; a battery fluidly connected to the control valve; a power electronics (PE) component fluidly connected to the control valve; a radiator fluidly connected to the control valve; and a high-performance computer (HPC) fluidly connected to the control valve. In particular, the HPC and the battery are connected in parallel to the control valve, and the control valve is configured to control the flow of a coolant between the PE component, the radiator, the battery, and the HPC.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electric heater of a vehicular heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes turning on the electric heater; determining whether an ambient air temperature of a vehicle is higher than or equal to a threshold ambient air temperature, and a battery temperature is lower than or equal to a threshold battery temperature; determining whether battery efficiency is lower than or equal to threshold efficiency when the ambient air temperature of the vehicle is higher than or equal to the threshold ambient air temperature, and the battery temperature is lower than or equal to the threshold battery temperature; and turning off the electric heater when the battery efficiency is lower than or equal to the threshold efficiency, wherein the electric heater is configured to receive electric energy from the battery.

Abstract: A thermoelectric module is provided. The thermoelectric module includes: a first thermoelectric material unit including a first unit thermoelectric material disposed in a first direction; and a second thermoelectric material unit electrically connected to the first thermoelectric material unit and including a second unit thermoelectric material disposed in a second direction that intersects the first direction.