Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode includes: a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; an organic emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a hole injection layer between the first electrode and the organic emission layer, wherein the hole injection layer includes a second metal compound layer and a second metal layer, the second metal compound layer being between the first electrode and the organic emission layer, and the second metal layer being between the second metal compound layer and the organic emission layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a biomaterial having selectively functionalized tyrosine, a biomaterial having selectively functionalized tyrosine, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same as an active ingredient. The method for preparing a biomaterial to which a compound represented by formula 2 is coupled, of the present invention, allows the compound represented by formula 2 to be selectively coupled, in a high yield in a biomaterial, to tyrosine, which is present on the surface of an aqueous solution such that the coupling thereof to amino acids other than tyrosine does not occur and, when only one tyrosine is present, heterogeneous mixtures are not present and the inherent activity of the biomaterial is maintained, and thus the compound can be effectively used as a pharmaceutical composition containing a biomaterial drug as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A wafer processing method includes supplying a first process gas into a wafer processing apparatus, lowering a temperature of the wafer, generating plasma using the first process gas, supplying a second process gas and mixing the second process gas with the plasma, performing a plasma process on the wafer using the plasma and the second process gas, and performing an annealing process on the wafer on which the plasma process has been performed. The lowering of the temperature of the wafer includes increasing an internal pressure of the wafer processing apparatus.

Abstract: An electron beam generator, a plasma processing apparatus, and a plasma processing method, the electron beam generator including a side insulator configured to surround the substrate support, the side insulator having an electron beam chamber therein; a first electrode embedded in the side insulator and adjacent to a first side wall of the electron beam chamber; a second electrode on a second side wall of the electron beam chamber; and a guide in an outlet of the electron beam chamber, the guide including slits through which electron beams generated in the electron beam chamber are transmittable into the process chamber.

Abstract: An electron beam generator, a plasma processing apparatus, and a plasma processing method, the electron beam generator including a side insulator configured to surround the substrate support, the side insulator having an electron beam chamber therein; a first electrode embedded in the side insulator and adjacent to a first side wall of the electron beam chamber; a second electrode on a second side wall of the electron beam chamber; and a guide in an outlet of the electron beam chamber, the guide including slits through which electron beams generated in the electron beam chamber are transmittable into the process chamber.

Abstract: A three-helix bundle protein, a polynucleotide encoding the three-helix bundle protein, a method of preparing the three-helix bundle protein, and a method of treating a cancer using the three-helix bundle protein.

Abstract: A fusion protein including granzyme B, a cell penetrating peptide, a cleavage site, and a targeting moiety, a composition for cell membrane penetration comprising the fusion protein, and an anticancer composition comprising the fusion protein.

Abstract: A three-helix bundle protein, a polynucleotide encoding the three-helix bundle protein, a method of preparing the three-helix bundle protein, and a method of treating a cancer using the three-helix bundle protein.

Abstract: A leucine zipper variant, a polynucleotide encoding the leucine zipper variant, a method of preparing a leucine zipper variant, a method of inhibiting HDM2- and/or HDMX using the leucine zipper variant, and a method of the prevention and/or treatment of cancer using the leucine zipper variant.

Abstract: A method of screening an antibody including measuring presence or level of an antigen-antibody binding at various pH and an antibody-drug conjugate containing the selected antibody.

Abstract: A fusion protein including granzyme B, a cell penetrating peptide, a cleavage site, and a targeting moiety, a composition for cell membrane penetration comprising the fusion protein, and an anticancer composition comprising the fusion protein.

Abstract: A leucine zipper variant, a polynucleotide encoding the leucine zipper variant, a method of preparing a leucine zipper variant, a method of inhibiting HDM2- and/or HDMX using the leucine zipper variant, and a method of the prevention and/or treatment of cancer using the leucine zipper variant.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel naphthalenyloxypropenyl derivatives useful for inhibiting the enzyme activity of histone deacetylase, leading effective suppression of cancer cell proliferation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are pyridine derivatives, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, or prodrug thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and methods of modulating the level or activity of HIF in a subject, inhibiting hydroxylation of HIF ? in a subject, modulating expression of HIF-regulated genes in a subject, treating an HIF-related disorder in a subject, increasing levels of endogenous EPO in a subject, or treating a disorder in a subject, using the disclosed compounds.

Abstract: The inventive imidazopyridine derivative can be used in a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diseases such as diabetes, obesity, dementia, cancer, and inflammation, since it can efficiently inhibit the activities of several protein kinases including glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), aurora kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase B (AKT), and the likes, to control signal transductions thereof.

Abstract: Novel compounds having hydroxybenzoimidazole carboxylic amide are useful for inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3?(GSK-3?).

Abstract: Novel compounds having hydroxybenzoimidazole carboxylic amide are useful for inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3? (GSK-3?).