Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fine-grained image recognition method, an electronic device and a computer readable storage medium. The method comprises the steps of feature extraction, calculation of feature discriminant loss function, calculation of feature diversity loss function and calculation of model optimization loss function. The present disclosure comprehensively considers influences of factors such as a large intra-class difference, a small inter-class difference, and a great influence of background noise of the fine-grained image, and makes constrains such that the feature maps belonging to each class are discriminative and have the features of corresponding class, thus reducing the intra-class difference, decreasing the learning difficulty and learning better discriminative features.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fine-grained image recognition method, an electronic device and a computer readable storage medium. The method comprises the steps of feature extraction, calculation of feature discriminant loss function, calculation of feature diversity loss function and calculation of model optimization loss function. The present disclosure comprehensively considers influences of factors such as a large intra-class difference, a small inter-class difference, and a great influence of background noise of the fine-grained image, and makes constrains such that the feature maps belonging to each class are discriminative and have the features of corresponding class, thus reducing the intra-class difference, decreasing the learning difficulty and learning better discriminative features.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-substituted 4-hydroxypiperidine, wherein an oxygen atom is inserted regioselectively into the corresponding N-substituted piperidine, by using as a biocatalyst a bacterium degrading alkanes or alicyclic hydrocarbons, or a prokaryotic host-organism having the gene(s) necessary for the hydroxylation derived from the said bacterium, or an enzyme having hydroxylation activity derived therefrom. The bacterium may be selected from species from, for example, the genera Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas, that are capable of degrading n-alkanes having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the preparation of optically active 4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone or N-substituted 4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinones, wherein an oxygen atom is inserted regio- and stereoselectively into the corresponding non-hydroxylated 2-pyrrolidinones, by using, as a biocatalyst, a microorganism having hydroxylation activity, or a host-organism having the gene(s) necessary for the hydroxylation enzymes derived from the said microorganism, or an enzyme having hydroxylation activity derived from the above microorganisms. The microorganism may be selected from the group consisting of microorganisms that degrade alkanes or cyclic hydrocarbons, microorganisms having alkane hydroxylase(s), or microorganisms that are able to oxidize hydrocarbons.