Abstract: A method for testing cellular level water content and distribution in fruit and vegetable tissues based on Raman spectroscopy comprises preprocessing of samples, acquisition and preprocessing of imaging spectra, Gaussian peak-separation fitting of imaging spectra, pseudocolor imaging according to the fitting results, and visualization of distribution of water content and water bonding state at the cell level. The distribution of water content and water binding state is visualized at the cellular level in the fruit and vegetable tissues for the first time, and relatively reliable quantitative analysis results of the content of water with different bonding states according to the visualization imaging results is obtained. The new method for testing cellular level water content in fruit and vegetable tissues solves the current problem of not being able to detect cellular level water changes in fruit and vegetable processing, and has a good prospect for the research on fruit and vegetables processing.

Abstract: A membrane filter is provided. The membrane filter including an ordered functional nanoporous material (OFNM) defining a layer and a membrane support. The layer having a two-dimensional structure and defining a plurality of pores and imparting to the membrane filter a permeance of at least 900 Lm?2h?1bar?1 and a rejection of at least 60% as to a solvent containing a filterable species.

Abstract: The invention discloses a fixed bed counter-current regeneration device for ion exchange resin and the method of use, relates to the field of ion exchange resin regeneration. The device comprises a cyclone separator, a regeneration reactor, a fully mixed resin reactor, a desorption solution storage tank, and a regenerant storage tank, wherein the cyclone separator is placed on top of the regeneration reactor, the upper part of the cyclone separator is connected to the fully mixed resin reactor.

Abstract: The invention discloses a fixed bed counter-current regeneration device for ion exchange resin and the method of use, relates to the field of ion exchange resin regeneration. The device comprises a cyclone separator, a regeneration reactor, a fully mixed resin reactor, a desorption solution storage tank, and a regenerant storage tank, wherein the cyclone separator is placed on top of the regeneration reactor, the upper part of the cyclone separator is connected to the fully mixed resin reactor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for cleaning a lanthanum gallium silicate wafer which comprises the following steps: at a step of 1, a cleaning solution constituted of phosphorous acid, hydrogen peroxide and deionized water is utilized to clean the lanthanum gallium silicate wafer with a megahertz sound wave; at a step of 2, the cleaned lanthanum gallium silicate wafer is rinsed and dried by spinning; at a step of 3, a cleaning solution constituted of ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and deionized water is utilized to clean the lanthanum gallium silicate wafer with the megahertz sound wave; at a step of 4, the cleaned lanthanum gallium silicate wafer is rinsed and dried by spinning; and at a step of 5, the rinsed and dried wafer is placed in an oven to be baked.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to methods for preparing catalysts and catalyst supports. In one embodiment, transition metal carbide materials, having a nanotube like morphology, are utilized as a support for a precious metal catalyst, such as platinum. Embodiments described herein also relate to proton exchange membrane fuel cells that incorporate the catalysts described herein.

Abstract: An ordered functional nanoporous material (OFMN) composition includes a pore defined by a sidewall, the sidewall comprising N—C—N linkages therein. A process for synthesis of a reagent includes the reaction of a 6,7-diaminoquinoxaline having R groups with hexaketocyclohexane (HKH) octahydrate, where R is independently in each occurrence H, Cl, Br, I, C4H4S (thiophenyl), SO3?, CO2?, C?CH, CH?CH2, NH2, OH, C?N, C1-C4 alkyl, (CH2)xCH?CH2, or (CH2)yCH?CH(CH2)z where x or (y+z) is an integer of 0 to 4 inclusive, (CH2)jCH?CH, or (CH2)kCH?C(CH2)r where j or (k+r) 0 to 4 inclusive. A process of degasification that includes extracting a gas from a mixture by exposing the mixture to an OFNM to selectively pass the gas therethrough. A process of dehydrogenation includes exposing an aliphatically unsaturated feedstock to platinum modified OFNM under conditions to form hydrogen and selectively passing the hydrogen through the platinum modified OFNM.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to methods for preparing catalysts and catalyst supports. In one embodiment, transition metal carbide materials, having a nanotube like morphology, are utilized as a support for a precious metal catalyst, such as platinum. Embodiments described herein also relate to proton exchange membrane fuel cells that incorporate the catalysts described herein.

Abstract: Described are methods and devices for the generation of hydrogel particles with micrometer and submicrometer dimensions using oxygen-inhibited partial polymerization, and the particles generated therefrom. The described methods generate particles with dimensions independent of the starting polymerizable solution dimension, for example, a microdroplet. Further, microfluidic flow parameters (e.g. viscosity, flow rate) and photopolymerization process parameters (e.g. optical exposure intensity and duration) are controlled to generate particles with tunable crosslinking density-determined properties including elasticity, diffusivity, and biomolecular display for diverse applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering cell scaffolds, and single- and multiple-cell therapeutics. Similarly, gradients of crosslinking density-determined properties can be created within single particles through the selection of optical exposure intensity and duration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling a chlorinated nitrogen-containing disinfection by-product in water, including the following steps: firstly, the pH value of a water sample is controlled, ultraviolet irradiation treatment is used and a persulfate or hydrogen persulfate is added at the same time, then chlorination disinfection is carried out, and finally, aeration treatment is carried out, so that a water sample from which the chlorinated nitrogen-containing disinfection by-product in water is removed and obtained. The method can effectively control the formation of chlorinated N-DBPs, and can effectively reduce the amount of trichloromethane in the subsequent chlorination disinfection process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling a chlorinated nitrogen-containing disinfection by-product in water, including the following steps: firstly, the pH value of a water sample is controlled, ultraviolet irradiation treatment is used and a persulfate or hydrogen persulfate is added at the same time, then chlorination disinfection is carried out, and finally, aeration treatment is carried out, so that a water sample from which the chlorinated nitrogen-containing disinfection by-product in water is removed and obtained. The method can effectively control the formation of chlorinated N-DBPs, and can effectively reduce the amount of trichloromethane in the subsequent chlorination disinfection process.

Abstract: In a first embodiment, a coal treatment process includes exposing a material comprising coal to ionic liquid(s) to form a first mixture, isolating a residue from the first mixture, forming a second mixture comprising the residue, and electrospinning the second mixture to form a carbon fiber precursor material. In a second embodiment, a coal treatment process includes exposing a material comprising coal to ionic liquid(s) to form a mixture comprising solids and a liquid fraction, separating and filtering the liquid fraction from the mixture, and isolating one or more compounds from the liquid fraction. In a third embodiment, a coal treatment process includes exposing a material comprising coal to ionic liquid(s) to form a first mixture comprising residues, exposing the first mixture to (a) an acid, (b) a solvent, or (c) both to form a second mixture, and isolating rare earth elements and rare earth element compounds.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to methods for preparing catalysts and catalyst supports. In one embodiment, transition metal carbide materials, having a nanotube like morphology, are utilized as a support for a precious metal catalyst, such as platinum. Embodiments described herein also relate to proton exchange membrane fuel cells that incorporate the catalysts described herein.

Abstract: A sampler adapted to a one-dimension slow-varying signal, including: a signal preprocessing unit configured to preprocess an input signal; a slope-controllable sawtooth wave signal generating unit configured to generate a slope-controllable sawtooth wave signal and perform zero-resetting; a signal comparing unit configured to compare the preprocessed input signal from the signal preprocessing unit with the sawtooth wave signal and to output a pulse signal to the generating unit and a signal outputting unit when the preprocessed input signal is equal to the sawtooth wave signal; a counting unit configured to count a number of clock signals while the sawtooth wave signal generating unit is generating the sawtooth wave signal and to transmit the counted number to the signal outputting unit; the signal outputting unit configured to, upon receipt of the pulse signal output from the signal comparing unit, output the number counted by the counting unit at the moment.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an NO2 gas sensor for detection at room temperature comprises: manufacturing a metal electrode on a surface of a flexible substrate; manufacturing an SWCNTs/SnO2 sensitive film; and bonding the SWCNTs/SnO2 sensitive film with a portion of the surface of the flexible substrate with the metal electrode, so as to form the NO2 gas sensor for detection at room temperature. The present disclosure solves the problems of the poor adhesion between the sensitive material and the flexible substrate, and a non-uniform distribution, and achieves the purposes of secure bonding between the sensitive material and the flexible substrate, and uniform distribution.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for cleaning a lanthanum gallium silicate wafer which comprises the following steps: at a step of 1, a cleaning solution constituted of phosphorous acid, hydrogen peroxide and deionized water is utilized to clean the lanthanum gallium silicate wafer with a megahertz sound wave; at a step of 2, the cleaned lanthanum gallium silicate wafer is rinsed and dried by spinning; at a step of 3, a cleaning solution constituted of ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and deionized water is utilized to clean the lanthanum gallium silicate wafer with the megahertz sound wave; at a step of 4, the cleaned lanthanum gallium silicate wafer is rinsed and dried by spinning; and at a step of 5, the rinsed and dried wafer is placed in an oven to be baked.

Abstract: A defect detection system for an extreme ultraviolet lithography mask comprises an extreme ultraviolet light source (1), extreme ultraviolet light transmission parts (2, 3), an extreme ultraviolet lithography mask (4), a photon sieve (6) and a collection (7) and analysis (8) system. Point light source beams emitted by the extreme ultraviolet light source (1) are focused on the extreme ultraviolet lithography mask (4) through the extreme ultraviolet light transmission parts (2, 3); the extreme ultraviolet lithography mask (4) emits scattered light and illuminates the photon sieve (6); and the photon sieve (6) forms a dark field image and transmits the same to the collection (7) and analysis (8) system. The defect detection system for the extreme ultraviolet photolithographic mask uses the photon sieve to replace a Schwarzchild objective, thereby realizing lower cost, relatively small size and high resolution.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to methods and apparatus for simultaneous generation and separation processes. The apparatus provides a membrane module including a substrate, a catalytic layer and a membrane layer. The catalytic layer includes nano-sized sulfur-tolerant catalysts and/or particles. As a result, the apparatus can operate in sulfur-free and sulfur-laden (sour gas) environments for water gas shift (WGS) reactions while maintaining high reaction conversion. Methods for forming catalytic films are also disclosed herein. In one embodiment, methods of forming lanthanide containing oxysulfate nanocatalysts are provided.

Abstract: A method for collecting a signal with a frequency lower than a Nyquist frequency includes, by a data transmitting end, selecting a suitable transformation base matrix for an input signal, deriving a sparse representation of the signal using the transformation base matrix to determine a sparsity of the signal, calculating a number M of compressive sampling operations according to the sparsity, sampling the signal with fNYQ/M using M channels, and integrating sampling values of each channel to obtain M measurement values. A reconstruction end reconstructs an original signal by solving optimization problems. Based on theory, compressive sampling can be performed on a sparse signal or a signal represented in a sparse manner with a frequency much lower than the Nyquist frequency, overcoming restrictions of the typical Nyquist sampling theorem. The method can be implemented simply and decrease pressure on data collection, storage, transmission and processing.