Abstract: Solid composite electrolytes include (i) an amorphous matrix comprising one or more lithiophilic elements and (ii) lithium-based electrolyte crystals at least partially embedded in the amorphous matrix, the lithium-based electrolyte crystals having a different chemical composition than the amorphous matrix. After the composite is compressed or cycled in a battery, a surface portion of the composite has a concentration of the lithiophilic element(s) that is greater than an average concentration of the lithiophilic element(s) in a bulk portion of the composite.

Abstract: A method that includes contacting a Li-containing aqueous liquid with a Li ion-selective membrane while simultaneously applying an electric field thereby extracting Li ions from the Li-containing aqueous liquid; and intercalating the extracted Li ions into a cathode material.

Abstract: Nanosized lithium phosphate sulfide solid state electrolytes are synthesized by a facile method using ethyl acetate as the solvent. SSE compositions comprising nanosized lithium phosphate sulfide synthesized using the methods include particles having an average diameter of from 50 nm to 1000 nm. The nanosized lithium phosphate sulfide has a formula LixPySz, wherein 3?x ?7, 1?y?3, and 4?z?11.

Abstract: A method that includes contacting an amphipathic surface protective agent with a moisture sensitive Li-ion conductor material surface resulting in a protected Li-ion conductor material, and assembling an electrochemical cell that includes the protected Li-ion conductor material.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods of hydrogen generation and electrolyte regeneration as independent operations in separate redox flow cells. The operations can be decoupled by using an energy-bearing redox pair that electrochemically bears energy facilitating flexible, efficient hydrogen generation. In one example, the hydrogen generation redox flow cell can include a liquid, energy-bearing electrolyte solution in which at least one species of an energy-bearing redox pair is dissolved, to decouple the hydrogen evolution reaction from the reaction at the opposite electrode (e.g., the oxygen evolution reaction of conventional direct water electrolysis). Each species of the energy-bearing redox pair is associated with a standard electrode potential within the water electrolysis window.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods of storing and delivering electrical using hydrogen at low-cost and for long-durations. The systems and methods use energy-bearing redox pairs that electrochemically bear energy through decoupled hydrogen and oxygen consumption and/or evolution reactions, which are typically associated with fuel cells. Each species of the energy-bearing redox pair is associated with a standard electrode potential within a water electrolysis voltage window for the electrolyte solution. Electrical energy delivery, hydrogen generation, electrolyte regeneration, or combinations thereof can be performed by logically or physically separated unit operations in a continuous manner, batch manner, or semi-batch manner facilitated by the energy-bearing redox pair.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods of storing and delivering electrical using hydrogen at low-cost and for long-durations. The systems and methods use energy-bearing redox pairs that electrochemically bear energy through decoupled hydrogen and oxygen consumption and/or evolution reactions, which are typically associated with fuel cells. Each species of the energy-bearing redox pair is associated with a standard electrode potential within a water electrolysis voltage window for the electrolyte solution. Electrical energy delivery, hydrogen generation, electrolyte regeneration, or combinations thereof can be performed by logically or physically separated unit operations in a continuous manner, batch manner, or semi-batch manner facilitated by the energy-bearing redox pair.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods of hydrogen generation and electrolyte regeneration as independent operations in separate redox flow cells. The operations can be decoupled by using an energy-bearing redox pair that electrochemically bears energy facilitating flexible, efficient hydrogen generation. In one example, the hydrogen generation redox flow cell can include a liquid, energy-bearing electrolyte solution in which at least one species of an energy-bearing redox pair is dissolved, to decouple the hydrogen evolution reaction from the reaction at the opposite electrode (e.g., the oxygen evolution reaction of conventional direct water electrolysis). Each species of the energy-bearing redox pair is associated with a standard electrode potential within the water electrolysis window.

Abstract: A solid-state lithium ion battery is disclosed. The battery includes an anode containing an anode active material. The battery also includes a cathode containing a cathode active material. The battery further includes a solid-state electrolyte material. The electrolyte material contains a salt or salt mixture with a melting point below approximately 300 degrees Celsius. The battery has an operating temperature of less than about 80 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: An energy storage device comprising: an anode; and a solute-containing electrolyte composition wherein the solute concentration in the electrolyte composition is sufficiently high to form a regenerative solid electrolyte interface layer on a surface of the anode only during charging of the energy storage device, wherein the regenerative layer comprises at least one solute or solvated solute from the electrolyte composition.

Abstract: Electrodes having nanostructure and/or utilizing nanoparticles of active materials and having high mass loadings of the active materials can be made to be physically robust and free of cracks and pinholes. The electrodes include nanoparticles having electroactive material, which nanoparticles are aggregated with carbon into larger secondary particles. The secondary particles can be bound with a binder to form the electrode.

Abstract: Electrodes having nanostructure and/or utilizing nanoparticles of active materials and having high mass loadings of the active materials can be made to be physically robust and free of cracks and pinholes. The electrodes include nanoparticles having electroactive material, which nanoparticles are aggregated with carbon into larger secondary particles. The secondary particles can be bound with a binder to form the electrode. The electrodes can further comprise additives that enhance electrode wetting thereby improving overall electrode performance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a lithium-ion battery system comprising an anode, an anode current collector, and a layer of lithium metal in contact with the current collector, but not in contact with the anode. The lithium compensation layer dissolves into the electrolyte to compensate for the loss of lithium ions during usage of the full cell. The specific placement of the lithium compensation layer, such that there is no direct physical contact between the lithium compensation layer and the anode, provides certain advantages.

Abstract: Disclosed are preformed solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film graphite electrodes in lithium-sulfur based chemistry energy storage systems and methods of making the preformed SEI films on graphite electrodes to expand the use of graphite-based electrodes in previously non-graphite anode energy systems, such as lithium-sulfur battery systems. Also disclosed are lithium-ion sulfur battery systems comprising electrolytes that do not include an alkyl carbonate, such as those that do not include EC, and graphite anodes having preformed alkyl carbonate, such as EC-based SEI films.

Abstract: An energy storage device comprising: an anode; and a solute-containing electrolyte composition wherein the solute concentration in the electrolyte composition is sufficiently high to form a regenerative solid electrolyte interface layer on a surface of the anode only during charging of the energy storage device, wherein the regenerative layer comprises at least one solute or solvated solute from the electrolyte composition.

Abstract: A solid-state lithium ion battery is disclosed. The battery includes an anode containing an anode active material. The battery also includes a cathode containing a cathode active material. The battery further includes a solid-state electrolyte material. The electrolyte material contains a salt or salt mixture with a melting point below approximately 300 degrees Celsius. The battery has an operating temperature of less than about 80 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a lithium-ion battery system comprising an anode, an anode current collector, and a layer of lithium metal in contact with the current collector, but not in contact with the anode. The lithium compensation layer dissolves into the electrolyte to compensate for the loss of lithium ions during usage of the full cell. The specific placement of the lithium compensation layer, such that there is no direct physical contact between the lithium compensation layer and the anode, provides certain advantages.

Abstract: Electrodes having nanostructure and/or utilizing nanoparticles of active materials and having high mass loadings of the active materials can be made to be physically robust and free of cracks and pinholes. The electrodes include nanoparticles having electroactive material, which nanoparticles are aggregated with carbon into larger secondary particles. The secondary particles can be bound with a binder to form the electrode.