Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for adapting tabular data for narration are provided in the illustrative embodiments. A set of categories used to organize data is identified in a first tabular portion of a document. A structure of the categories is analyzed. An inference is drawn about data in a first cell in the first tabular portion based on a position of the first cell in the structure. The first tabular portion of the document is transformed into a first narrative form using the inference.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for adapting tabular data for narration are provided in the illustrative embodiments. A set of categories used to organize data is identified in a first tabular portion of a document. A structure of the categories is analyzed. An inference is drawn about data in a first cell in the first tabular portion based on a position of the first cell in the structure. The first tabular portion of the document is transformed into a first narrative form using the inference.

Abstract: A table structure corresponding to the table is selected to describe when cells in a cell-pair in the table structure should be similar to one another. A cell similarity function is selected to compare the cells in the cell-pair and output a probability that the cell-pair includes cells that contain values that are similar to one another according to a criteria. A cell similarity probability is determined of a first cell and a second cell in a first cell-pair in the table structure being similar to each other according to the cell similarity function. A computed probability is adjusted of the table structure representing the table using the cell similarity probability. The computed probability is indicated as a probability of a first model representing the table, wherein the first model is a function of the table structure and the selected cell similarity function.

Abstract: A system, and computer program product for subject-matter analysis of tabular data are provided in the illustrative embodiments. A first document including the tabular data is received. A library of functional signatures for a first subject-matter domain is selected. A determination is made whether a threshold number of functional signatures from the selected library are applicable to the tabular data, wherein a functional signature is applicable to the tabular data when values in the tabular data correspond to an operation and a table structure specified in the functional signature. Responsive to the threshold number of functional signatures from the selected library being applicable to the tabular data, a processor and a memory process the first document according to a process for the first subject matter domain selected from a plurality of processes for respective subject matter domains.

Abstract: A system, and computer program product for discovering relationships in tabular data are provided in the illustrative embodiments. A set of documents is received, a document in the set including the tabular data. A cell in the tabular data is selected whose dependencies are to be determined. A hypothesis to use in conjunction with the cell is selected. Whether the hypothesis applies to a selected portion of the document is tested by determining whether a conclusion in the hypothesis can be computed using a function specified in the hypothesis on the selected portion. The selected portion can be a selected cell-range in the tabular data or content in a non-tabular portion of the document. The hypothesis is utilized to describe the cell relative to the selected portion.

Abstract: A digital work of literature is vocalized using enhanced text-to-speech (TTS) controls by analyzing a digital work of literature using natural language processing to identify speaking character voice characteristics associated with context of each quote as extracted from the first work of literature; converting the character voice characteristics to audio metadata to control text-to-speech audio synthesis for each quote; transforming the audio metadata into text-to-speech engine commands, each quote being associated with audio synthesis control parameters for the TTS in the context of each the quotes in the work of literature; and inputting the commands to a text-to-speech engine to cause vocalization of the work of literature according to the words of each quote, character voice characteristics of corresponding to each quote, and context corresponding to each quote.

Abstract: A system, and computer program product for disambiguation of dependent referring expression in natural language processing are provided in the illustrative embodiments. A portion of a document in a set of document is selected, the portion including a set of dependent referring expression instances. The portion is filtered to identify an instance from a set of dependent referring expression instances by using a linguistic characteristic of the instance, the instance of dependent referring expression referring to a full expression occurring in the set of documents. The full expression is located in one member document in the set of documents by locating where the dependent referring expression is defined to be a stand-in for the full expression. The instance is resolved using the full expression such that information about the full expression is available at a location of the instance.

Abstract: A digital work of literature is vocalized using enhanced text-to-speech (TTS) controls by analyzing a digital work of literature using natural language processing to identify speaking character voice characteristics associated with context of each quote as extracted from the first work of literature; converting the character voice characteristics to audio metadata to control text-to-speech audio synthesis for each quote; transforming the audio metadata into text-to-speech engine commands, each quote being associated with audio synthesis control parameters for the TTS in the context of each the quotes in the work of literature; and inputting the commands to a text-to-speech engine to cause vocalization of the work of literature according to the words of each quote, character voice characteristics of corresponding to each quote, and context corresponding to each quote.

Abstract: A digital work of literature is vocalized using enhanced text-to-speech (TTS) controls by analyzing a digital work of literature using natural language processing to identify speaking character voice characteristics associated with context of each quote as extracted from the first work of literature; converting the character voice characteristics to audio metadata to control text-to-speech audio synthesis for each quote; transforming the audio metadata into text-to-speech engine commands, each quote being associated with audio synthesis control parameters for the TTS in the context of each the quotes in the work of literature; and inputting the commands to a text-to-speech engine to cause vocalization of the work of literature according to the words of each quote, character voice characteristics of corresponding to each quote, and context corresponding to each quote.

Abstract: A digital work of literature is vocalized using enhanced text-to-speech (TTS) controls by analyzing a digital work of literature using natural language processing to identify speaking character voice characteristics associated with context of each quote as extracted from the first work of literature; converting the character voice characteristics to audio metadata to control text-to-speech audio synthesis for each quote; transforming the audio metadata into text-to-speech engine commands, each quote being associated with audio synthesis control parameters for the TTS in the context of each the quotes in the work of literature; and inputting the commands to a text-to-speech engine to cause vocalization of the work of literature according to the words of each quote, character voice characteristics of corresponding to each quote, and context corresponding to each quote.

Abstract: A method for augmenting business process execution using natural language processing is provided in the illustrative embodiments Information related to a state in a business process is extracted from the business process executing in a data processing system. A set of natural language (NL) questions is formed based on the information and a transition from the state defined in the business process. The set of NL questions is answered with a corresponding set of NL answers, an NL answer in the set of NL answers having an associated confidence rating. A determination is made whether a confidence rating in the set of NL answers exceeds a threshold level of confidence. In response to the confidence rating exceeding the threshold, a task is executed to perform the transition in the business process.

Abstract: A system, and computer program product for augmenting business process execution using natural language processing are provided in the illustrative embodiments Information related to a state in a business process is extracted from the business process executing in a data processing system. A set of natural language (NL) questions is formed based on the information and a transition from the state defined in the business process. The set of NL questions is answered with a corresponding set of NL answers, an NL answer in the set of NL answers having an associated confidence rating. A determination is made whether a confidence rating in the set of NL answers exceeds a threshold level of confidence. In response to the confidence rating exceeding the threshold, a task is executed to perform the transition in the business process.

Abstract: A system, and computer program product for subject-matter analysis of tabular data are provided in the illustrative embodiments. A first document including the tabular data is received. A library of functional signatures for a first subject-matter domain is selected. A determination is made whether a threshold number of functional signatures from the selected library are applicable to the tabular data, wherein a functional signature is applicable to the tabular data when values in the tabular data correspond to an operation and a table structure specified in the functional signature. Responsive to the threshold number of functional signatures from the selected library being applicable to the tabular data, a processor and a memory process the first document according to a process for the first subject matter domain selected from a plurality of processes for respective subject matter domains.

Abstract: A method for subject-matter analysis of tabular data is provided in the illustrative embodiments. A first document including the tabular data is received. A library of functional signatures for a first subject-matter domain is selected. A determination is made whether a threshold number of functional signatures from the selected library are applicable to the tabular data, wherein a functional signature is applicable to the tabular data when values in the tabular data correspond to an operation and a table structure specified in the functional signature. Responsive to the threshold number of functional signatures from the selected library being applicable to the tabular data, a processor and a memory process the first document according to a process for the first subject matter domain selected from a plurality of processes for respective subject matter domains.

Abstract: A system, and computer program product for discovering relationships in tabular data are provided in the illustrative embodiments. A set of documents is received, a document in the set including the tabular data. A cell in the tabular data is selected whose dependencies are to be determined. A hypothesis to use in conjunction with the cell is selected. Whether the hypothesis applies to a selected portion of the document is tested by determining whether a conclusion in the hypothesis can be computed using a function specified in the hypothesis on the selected portion. The selected portion can be a selected cell-range in the tabular data or content in a non-tabular portion of the document. The hypothesis is utilized to describe the cell relative to the selected portion.

Abstract: A method for discovering relationships in tabular data is provided in the illustrative embodiments. A set of documents is received, a document in the set including the tabular data. A cell in the tabular data is selected whose dependencies are to be determined. A hypothesis to use in conjunction with the cell is selected. Whether the hypothesis applies to a selected portion of the document is tested by determining whether a conclusion in the hypothesis can be computed using a function specified in the hypothesis on the selected portion. The selected portion can be a selected cell-range in the tabular data or content in a non-tabular portion of the document. The hypothesis is utilized to describe the cell relative to the selected portion.

Abstract: A method for adapting tabular data for narration is provided in the illustrative embodiments. A set of categories used to organize data is identified in a first tabular portion of a document. A structure of the categories is analyzed. An inference is drawn about data in a first cell in the first tabular portion based on a position of the first cell in the structure. The first tabular portion of the document is transformed into a first narrative form using the inference.

Abstract: A system, and computer program product for adapting tabular data for narration are provided in the illustrative embodiments. A set of categories used to organize data is identified in a first tabular portion of a document. A structure of the categories is analyzed. An inference is drawn about data in a first cell in the first tabular portion based on a position of the first cell in the structure. The first tabular portion of the document is transformed into a first narrative form using the inference.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for discovering title information for structured data in a document are provided in the illustrative embodiments. An instance of structured data is identified in a document. A search direction is identified relative to a location of the instance, wherein a title describing the instance is located in a document portion in the search direction from the instance. A sentence is selected in the document portion. A determination is made whether the selected sentence qualifies as a title by determining whether an independent clause in the selected sentence includes a verb-phrase. Responsive to the selected sentence qualifying as the title, the selected sentence is designated as a candidate title for the instance.

Abstract: A method for disambiguation of dependent referring expression in natural language processing is provided in the illustrative embodiments. A portion of a document in a set of document is selected, the portion including a set of dependent referring expression instances. The portion is filtered to identify an instance from a set of dependent referring expression instances by using a linguistic characteristic of the instance, the instance of dependent referring expression referring to a full expression occurring in the set of documents. The full expression is located in one member document in the set of documents by locating where the dependent referring expression is defined to be a stand-in for the full expression. The instance is resolved using the full expression such that information about the full expression is available at a location of the instance.