Abstract: A live-commerce system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a seller terminal equipped with a live-commerce application, a user terminal equipped with the live-commerce application, and a live-commerce server configured to utilize a chat function between the seller terminal and the user terminal to progress a game selected as a method of selling a product by the seller. In this case, the live-commerce server delivers a chat message including game information related to the selected game to the user terminal based on a time of the live-commerce server to control chatting and the game information to be displayed on the user terminal without a time difference through the chat function.

Abstract: An environment-friendly corpse treatment apparatus comprises: a drying portion for removing moisture contained in a corpse; a pulverization portion for applying an impact to the moisture-removed corpse to pulverize the same into small pieces; and a foreign matter separation portion for separating a foreign matter contained in the pulverized corpse. The corpse loaded at the drying portion is dried in a vacuum state. The apparatus is environmentally friendly since a pollutant such as a toxic exhaust gas or dioxin is not generated, soil is not contaminated when a corpse is buried. A treated corpse is appropriate for natural burial or woodland burial since the treated corpse can be used as a nutrient. A corpse can be used as manure or feed if the corpse is animal waste.

Abstract: Provided is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuator in which a cantilever piezoelectric actuator and a comb actuator are combined to perform dual shaft drive. The MEMS includes: a stationary comb fixed on a substrate; a movable comb disposed separately from the substrate; and a spring connected to the movable comb and the substrate to resiliently support the movable comb, wherein the movable comb includes a piezoelectric material layer in a laminated manner to be perpendicularly moved by a piezoelectric phenomenon and laterally moved by an electrostatic force to the stationary comb, whereby the MEMS actuator can be used in a driving apparatus of an ultra-slim optical disk drive since the movable comb is made of a piezoelectric material to simultaneously perform focusing actuation to a Z-axis as well as planar actuation.

Abstract: Provided are an optical fiber that prevents optical amplification bands from overlapping each other while enabling optical signal amplification by a rare-earth element and optical signal amplification by a nonlinear Raman effect to simultaneously occur by performing a pumping operation using a single-wavelength light source, and a hybrid optical amplifier using the same. The optical fiber includes: a clad; and a core configured to have a refractive index larger than that of the clad, the core including a first element doped to receive pumped light having a predetermined wavelength and optically amplify the received signal light into a first band using a rare-earth element, and a second element doped to optically amplify the received signal light using nonlinear Raman optical amplification into a second band.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a thin film magnetic head.

Abstract: The illumination method and apparatus used to form micro patterns, which can determine an ellipticity exhibiting optimum contrast gap and contrast by deriving a polarization distribution function by use of equations induced in accordance with the vector image theory and deriving S and P-polarized components (S.sub.com and P.sub.com) (these components are perpendicular to and parallel to a meridional plane, respectively) of polarized light having x and y-directional components entering an illumination mask, thereby, preventing a contrast difference resulting from a contrast gap generated in the conventional linear polarization method, namely, an inconsistency between the longitudinal direction of the pattern and the polarization direction. Accordingly, it is possible to easily use appropriately elliptically polarized light, thereby being capable of achieving a reduction in contrast gap while achieving an improvement in contrast.