Abstract: An electrically assisted pressure joining apparatus and an electrically assisted pressure joining method join a first metal member and a second metal member together, and includes an electrode portion, an intermediate portion including a plurality of micropores and inserted between a first metal member and a second metal member, and a pressure portion connected to the electrode portion to receive a current from the electrode portion and transfer the current to the first metal member and the second metal member to apply a pressure to the first metal member such that the first metal member and the second metal member are joined together by the intermediate portion.

Abstract: Provided are a flexible dye-sensitized solar cell and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for coating a powder material on a substrate is disclosed, to enable various materials such as metal or ceramic powder to be coated on a substrate made of a material having low heat-resistance, the method including supplying a predetermined powder; carrying the supplied powder to a predetermined spraying nozzle by injecting a gas at a room temperature; and spraying the powder carried under conditions of the room temperature and vacuum state on the substrate through spraying nozzle, wherein the grain size of predetermined powder is in a range between about 0.1 to about 10 ?m, and the powder is sprayed on the substrate at a velocity of about 500 to about 1200 m/sec.