Abstract: Provided is a blockchain management apparatus comprising at least one hardware processor configured to implement a block generation order control unit which prevents a block generation node of a plurality of blockchain nodes from generating a new block of a blockchain in response to a determining, by the blockchain management apparatus, that the new block is a block generated by the block generation node within a unit section, wherein the unit section corresponds to a preset number of blocks measured from a current block corresponding to a current block height of the blockchain, and the blockchain management apparatus manages a permission-based blockchain network including the plurality of blockchain nodes.

Abstract: Provided is a block generation method in blockchain-based system. The block generation method comprises calculating, by a first blockchain node among the plurality of blockchain nodes, a first node score, propagating, by the first blockchain node, the first node score to the plurality of blockchain nodes, receiving, by the first blockchain node, a delegation of a block generation authority from a second blockchain node among the plurality of blockchain nodes, the second blockchain node having received the first node score and initiating, by the first blockchain node, generation of a new block based on a determination that a block generation node condition, that is based on the block generation authority, has been satisfied.

Abstract: Provided is a block generation method in blockchain-based system. The block generation method comprises calculating, by a first blockchain node among the plurality of blockchain nodes, a first node score, propagating, by the first blockchain node, the first node score to the plurality of blockchain nodes, receiving, by the first blockchain node, a delegation of a block generation authority from a second blockchain node among the plurality of blockchain nodes, the second blockchain node having received the first node score and initiating, by the first blockchain node, generation of a new block based on a determination that a block generation node condition, that is based on the block generation authority, has been satisfied.

Abstract: Provided is a blockchain management apparatus comprising at least one hardware processor configured to implement a block generation order control unit which prevents a block generation node of a plurality of blockchain nodes from generating a new block of a blockchain in response to a determining, by the blockchain management apparatus, that the new block is a block generated by the block generation node within a unit section, wherein the unit section corresponds to a preset number of blocks measured from a current block corresponding to a current block height of the blockchain, and the blockchain management apparatus manages a permission-based blockchain network including the plurality of blockchain nodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a website service for a navigation user, and more particularly to a navigation positional information providing system in an Internet website wherein it informs a navigation user of the operation of a website, off-line positional information, and so on within websites, such as home pages and advertising sites. The present invention also provides a service that directly provides a user with positional information about an off-line way within a website through navigation. Furthermore, the present invention provides a web service system that provides positional information about a point designated within a website to a navigation apparatus that allows for wireless Internet communication when a user wants the positional information.

Abstract: A column decoder of a semiconductor memory device is provided. A column select line driver of the column decoder includes a NAND gate that performs a NAND operation on an output signal of a pre-decoder and a column select line enable signal and provides an output signal to a driver that selects a column select line. The column select line driver including the NAND gate is smaller than a conventional column select line driver including a NOR gate, thereby reducing the chip size of the memory device and decreasing a logic delay and a load.