Abstract: Disclosed herein are an at least quaternary composition that comprises at least two donor components and at least two low-molecular-weight fullerene acceptor components and is able to allow for superior photovoltaic performance over a long period of time, and an organic solve cell comprising an active layer formed thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar cell having a wavelength converting layer formed of a polysilazane and a manufacturing method thereof to allow for low temperature sintering, to protect a wavelength converter from oxidation, degradation, and whitening, and thereby improve efficiency of the solar cell. The present invention provides for the solar cell including the wavelength converting layer which is formed by applying a coating solution containing a solvent, a polysilazane, and a wavelength converter onto a cell and an outer surface or inside of the cell, and then curing, and a manufacturing method of.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an at least quaternary composition that comprises at least two donor components and at least two low-molecular-weight fullerene acceptor components and is able to allow for superior photovoltaic performance over a long period of time, and an organic solve cell comprising an active layer formed thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a wavelength converting structure for near-infrared rays and a solar cell using the same. More particularly, provided is a novel wavelength converting structure for near-infrared rays using gap plasmon characteristics and up-conversion nanoparticles. When applying the wavelength converting structure for near-infrared rays to a solar cell, it is possible to convert the light within a wavelength range of near-infrared rays into electric energy so that the photoconversion efficiency may be improved.

Abstract: The apparatus for controlling a backbone network according to the present invention comprises: a context-interpreting unit, which interprets the request for a service of a sensor node, and generates a session containing routing information; a sensor node registration unit, which stores sensor node information and routing information, and which provides routing information; a gateway, which transmits the service request using routing information, and which receives a response message; and a message-processing unit, which transmits the service request, and which provides the response message.

Abstract: Provided is a wavelength converting structure for near-infrared rays and a solar cell using the same. More particularly, provided is a novel wavelength converting structure for near-infrared rays using gap plasmon characteristics and up-conversion nanoparticles. When applying the wavelength converting structure for near-infrared rays to a solar cell, it is possible to convert the light within a wavelength range of near-infrared rays into electric energy so that the photoconversion efficiency may be improved.

Abstract: Provided is a photoreactive smart window. The photoreactive smart window includes a liquid crystal layer of which light transmittance changes according to the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light and which is combined with a solar cell. The photoreactive smart window is in a transparent condition in the daytime when UV light is generated from the sun, and accordingly sunlight passing therethrough is converted into electric energy. Also, the photoreactive smart window is in an opaque condition in the evening and at night when no UV light is generated from the sun, and accordingly no curtains are necessary on the windows.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar cell having a wavelength converting layer formed of a polysilazane and a manufacturing method thereof to allow for low temperature sintering, to protect a wavelength converter from oxidation, degradation, and whitening, and thereby improve efficiency of the solar cell. The present invention provides for the solar cell including the wavelength converting layer which is formed by applying a coating solution containing a solvent, a polysilazane, and a wavelength converter onto a cell and an outer surface or inside of the cell, and then curing, and a manufacturing method of.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device including a driving element having a driving gate electrode connected to the switching element, the driving gate electrode formed uniformly on the substrate, a driving source electrode having a first driving source electrode along a first direction and a plurality of second driving source electrodes extending from the first driving source electrode along a second direction crossing the first direction, a driving drain electrode spaced apart from the driving source electrode, the driving drain electrode having a first driving drain electrode along the first direction and a plurality of second driving drain electrodes extending from the first driving drain electrode along the second direction, wherein the plurality of second driving source electrodes alternate with the plurality of second driving drain electrodes, wherein the driving source electrode and the driving drain electrode including an interval therebetween are facing the driving gate electrode.

Abstract: The apparatus for controlling a backbone network according to the present invention comprises: a context-interpreting unit, which interprets the request for a service of a sensor node, and generates a session containing routing information; a sensor node registration unit, which stores sensor node information and routing information, and which provides routing information; a gateway, which transmits the service request using routing information, and which receives a response message; and a message-processing unit, which transmits the service request, and which provides the response message.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device including a driving element having a driving gate electrode connected to the switching element, the driving gate electrode formed uniformly on the substrate, a driving source electrode having a first driving source electrode along a first direction and a plurality of second driving source electrodes extending from the first driving source electrode along a second direction crossing the first direction, a driving drain electrode spaced apart from the driving source electrode, the driving drain electrode having a first driving drain electrode along the first direction and a plurality of second driving drain electrodes extending from the first driving drain electrode along the second direction, wherein the plurality of second driving source electrodes alternate with the plurality of second driving drain electrodes, wherein the driving source electrode and the driving drain electrode including an interval therebetween are facing the driving gate electrode.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display device that is capable of forming a multi-domain by using a gate line. In the device, a data signal is applied to the data line and a gate signal is applied to gate lines crossing the data lines. Switching devices are arranged at each intersection between the gate lines and the data lines and are connected to the pixel electrodes. Auxiliary electrode lines are extended vertically from the gate lines to control an orientation of the liquid crystal with the gate lines. Accordingly, the gate line is used as the auxiliary electrode line, so that an aperture ratio can be improved. Also, a resistance component is reduced, so that problems of the brightness non-uniformity and the generation of a flicker and a residual image, etc. caused by a voltage deviation can be overcome.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a liquid crystal display device including: a substrate; a plurality of thin film transistors each including a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; a gate line and a data line electrically connecting with the gate electrode and the source electrode, respectively; and a pixel electrode electrically connecting with the drain electrode, wherein overlapping widths between the gate electrode and the source and drain electrodes vary in accordance with the position of the thin film transistor.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence (EL) device includes an array element divided into sub-pixels on a first substrate and including thin film transistors in the sub-pixels, a first electrode disposed on a second substrate, an electrode separator disposed below the first electrode at a boundary region between the sub-pixels, an organic EL layer disposed below the first electrode, a second electrode patterned in each of the sub-pixels by the organic EL layer and the electrode separator, a conductive spacer electrically connecting the thin film transistors with the second electrode, an interlayer disposed at selected regions below the first electrode, and a light shielding portion disposed on the second substrate and overlapping the interlayer.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a liquid crystal display device including: a substrate; a plurality of thin film transistors each including a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; a gate line and a data line electrically connecting with the gate electrode and the source electrode, respectively; and a pixel electrode electrically connecting with the drain electrode, wherein overlapping widths between the gate electrode and the source and drain electrodes vary in accordance with the position of the thin film transistor.

Abstract: An IPS mode LCD device includes a gate line on a substrate along one direction; a common electrode having a bent portion; a first disclination prevention pattern portion extended from the bent portion of the common electrode toward one side of the common electrode; a data line substantially perpendicular to the gate line; a thin film transistor at a crossing portion of the gate and data lines; a pixel electrode connected to a drain electrode of the thin film transistor, the pixel electrode having a bent portion and being formed substantially parallel to the common electrode; and a second disclination prevention pattern portion extended from a bent portion of the pixel electrode toward one side of the pixel electrode.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a liquid crystal display device including: a substrate; a plurality of thin film transistors each including a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; a gate line and a data line electrically connecting with the gate electrode and the source electrode, respectively; and a pixel electrode electrically connecting with the drain electrode, wherein overlapping widths between the gate electrode and the source and drain electrodes vary in accordance with the position of the thin film transistor.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a liquid crystal display device including: a substrate; a plurality of thin film transistors each including a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; a gate line and a data line electrically connecting with the gate electrode and the source electrode, respectively; and a pixel electrode electrically connecting with the drain electrode, wherein overlapping widths between the gate electrode and the source and drain electrodes vary in accordance with the position of the thin film transistor.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a liquid crystal display device including: a substrate; a plurality of thin film transistors each including a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; a gate line and a data line electrically connecting with the gate electrode and the source electrode, respectively; and a pixel electrode electrically connecting with the drain electrode, wherein overlapping widths between the gate electrode and the source and drain electrodes vary in accordance with the position of the thin film transistor.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display device comprises first and second substrates facing each other; a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates; a plurality of gate bus lines arranged in a first direction on the first substrate and a plurality of data bus lines arranged in a second direction on the first substrate to define a plurality of pixel region; a thin film transistor positioned at a crossing area of the data bus line and the gate bus line, the thin film transistor comprising a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, and source/drain electrodes; a common-auxiliary electrode comprising at least one electrode in the each pixel region; a plurality of pixel electrodes electrically charged through the thin film transistor; and an alignment layer on at least one substrate between the first and second substrates.