Abstract: A method of separating scandium from a feedstock wherein a scandium enriched solution is produced from the feedstock and the scandium enriched solution is extracted to produce an organic phase of the scandium enriched solution. The organic phase of the scandium enriched solution is re-extracted to produce an aqueous phase including scandium chloride. The aqueous phase is precipitated and calcinated to produce scandium oxide powder.

Abstract: A method of producing high conductivity carbon material from coal includes subjecting the coal to a dissolution process to produce a solubilized coal material, and subjecting the solubilized coal material to a pyrolysis process to produce the high conductivity carbon material.

Abstract: A method of producing high conductivity carbon material from coal includes subjecting the coal to a dissolution process to produce a solubilized coal material, and subjecting the solubilized coal material to a pyrolysis process to produce the high conductivity carbon material.

Abstract: An antimicrobial composition including low molecular weight dendrimers of formula (1): Q is an antimicrobial moiety in monomer or dendritic form, N is a nitrogen atom, L2 is a linker linking each Y1 molecular spacer to the nitrogen atom, Y1 is a molecular spacer spacing each antimicrobial moiety Q from the L2 linker, there are two or more chains of antimicrobial moieties and molecular spacers, X is a linker configured to covalently bond to surface functionalities of the substrate, and Y2 is a molecular spacer between the linker X and the nitrogen atom.

Abstract: A method of separating scandium from a feedstock wherein a scandium enriched solution is produced from the feedstock and the scandium enriched solution is extracted to produce an organic phase of the scandium enriched solution. The organic phase of the scandium enriched solution is re-extracted to produce an aqueous phase including scandium chloride. The aqueous phase is precipitated and calcinated to produce scandium oxide powder.

Abstract: An antimicrobial composition including low molecular weight dendrimers of formula (I): Q is an antimicrobial moiety in monomer or dendritic form, N is a nitrogen atom, L2 is a linker linking each Y1 molecular spacer to the nitrogen atom, is a molecular spacer spacing each antimicrobial moiety Q from the L2 linker, there are two or more chains of antimicrobial moieties and molecular spacers, X is a linker configured to covalently bond to surface functionalities of the substrate, and Y2 is a molecular spacer between the linker X and the nitrogen atom.

Abstract: Provided is a family of intramolecularly quenched imaging agents for use in both in vivo and in vitro imaging that contain at least one enzymatically cleavable oligopeptide and two fluorophores or a fluorophore and a quencher. When subjected to proteolytic cleavage, at least one fluorophore is unquenched and becomes capable of producing a fluorescent signal upon excitation with light of an appropriate wavelength. Also provided are in vivo and in vitro imaging methods using such imaging agents.

Abstract: Provided is a family of intramolecularly quenched imaging agents for use in both in vivo and in vitro imaging that contain at least one enzymatically cleavable oligopeptide and two fluorophores or a fluorophore and a quencher. When subjected to proteolytic cleavage, at least one fluorophore is unquenched and becomes capable of producing a fluorescent signal upon excitation with light of an appropriate wavelength. Also provided are in vivo and in vitro imaging methods using such imaging agents.

Abstract: Provided is a family of intramolecularly quenched imaging agents for use in both in vivo and in vitro imaging that contain at least one enzymatically cleavable oligopeptide and two fluorophores or a fluorophore and a quencher. When subjected to proteolytic cleavage, at least one fluorophore is unquenched and becomes capable of producing a fluorescent signal upon excitation with light of an appropriate wavelength. Also provided are in vivo and in vitro imaging methods using such imaging agents.

Abstract: The coal ash can be sorted into groups of substantially unburned carbon and substantially burned carbon. The substantially unburned carbon or the substantially burned carbon can be magnetically treated to cause separation into a substantially magnetic portion and a substantially non-magnetic portion. The substantially magnetic portion or the substantially non-magnetic portion can be filtered into a substantially course portion and a substantially fine portion. The substantially coarse portion or the substantially fine portion can be treated with a mineral acid to form an aqueous mineral acid solution. The aqueous mineral acid solution can be extracted to form an organic solution that includes the rare earth salts. The organic solution can be mixed with water to form an aqueous solution that includes the rare earth salts. The rare earth salts can be separated from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: The coal ash can be sorted into groups of substantially unburned carbon and substantially burned carbon. The substantially unburned carbon or the substantially burned carbon can be magnetically treated to cause separation into a substantially magnetic portion and a substantially non-magnetic portion. The substantially magnetic portion or the substantially non-magnetic portion can be filtered into a substantially course portion and a substantially fine portion. The substantially coarse portion or the substantially fine portion can be treated with a mineral acid to form an aqueous mineral acid solution. The aqueous mineral acid solution can be extracted to form an organic solution that includes the rare earth salts. The organic solution can be mixed with water to form an aqueous solution that includes the rare earth salts. The rare earth salts can be separated from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: Rare earth elements are recovered from coal ash. The coal ash with rare earth elements can be treated with a mineral acid to form an aqueous mineral acid solution. The aqueous mineral acid solution can be extracted to form an organic solution that includes the rare earth salts. The organic solution can be mixed with water to form an aqueous solution that includes the rare earth salts. The rare earth elements are separated from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: Methods for forming spherical crystal habit are shown. A needle-shaped crystal habit, a solvent, and a surfactant are combined and dissolved forming a first solution. The first solution and an anti-solvent are combined forming a second solution. The second solution is cooled. Spherical crystal habit is formed.

Abstract: Provided is a family of intramolecularly quenched imaging agents for use in both in vivo and in vitro imaging that contain at least one enzymatically cleavable oligopeptide and two fluorophores or a fluorophore and a quencher. When subjected to proteolytic cleavage, at least one fluorophore is unquenched and becomes capable of producing a fluorescent signal upon excitation with light of an appropriate wavelength. Also provided are in vivo and in vitro imaging methods using such imaging agents.

Abstract: Provided is a family of intramolecularly quenched imaging agents for use in both in vivo and in vitro imaging that contain at least one enzymatically cleavable oligopeptide and two fluorophores or a fluorophore and a quencher. When subjected to proteolytic cleavage, at least one fluorophore is unquenched and becomes capable of producing a fluorescent signal upon excitation with light of an appropriate wavelength. Also provided are in vivo and in vitro imaging methods using such imaging agents.

Abstract: Rare earth elements are recovered from coal ash. The coal ash with rare earth elements can be treated with a mineral acid to form an aqueous mineral acid solution. The aqueous mineral acid solution can be extracted to form an organic solution that includes the rare earth salts. The organic solution can be mixed with water to form an aqueous solution that includes the rare earth salts. The rare earth elements are separated from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: Provided is a family of intramolecularly quenched imaging agents for use in both in vivo and in vitro imaging that contain at least one enzymatically cleavable oligopeptide and two fluorophores or a fluorophore and a quencher. When subjected to proteolytic cleavage, at least one fluorophore is unquenched and becomes capable of producing a fluorescent signal upon excitation with light of an appropriate wavelength. Also provided are in vivo and in vitro imaging methods using such imaging agents.