Abstract: One embodiment described herein includes a method for extracting pericarp, endosperm, bran and germ, from corn kernels comprising hydrating the corn kernels; extracting the bran from the biomass before extracting the germ; and extracting the endosperm, wherein the extraction is based upon a capacity of endosperm particles to selectively pass through, or be retained on a sieve having a standard hole size, wherein endosperm particles are extracted in one or more endosperm streams.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for extracting protein, oil and starch from grain. The method includes: Providing kernels or seeds comprising a germ and pericarp comprising protein, oil, and starch; Steeping the kernels or seeds in a steeping reactor for a time effective to soften the kernels and seeds; Milling the steeped corn kernels to separate the germ from the starch/pericarp forming a germ stream and a starch/pericarp stream; Subjecting the germ to rapid pressurization/depressurization in order to extract oil and protein from the germ; and separating the starch from the pericarp.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for retaining oil in germ and other fractions of an oil bearing seed, without damaging pericarp and starch, following fractionation of the oil bearing seed. The method includes optionally pretreating the oil bearing seed; and adding the oil-bearing seed with the germ fraction to an isotonic solution, the isotonic solution having an ionic strength effective for retaining oil in the germ and other fractions of the oil bearing seed.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for extracting bio-functional and bio-responsive fractions from biomass. The method includes providing biomass; treating the biomass with saturated steam at a time and temperature effective to extract bio-functional fractions; rapidly depressurizing the biomass and steam; mixing a depressurized bio-functional fraction with reagent that breaks down the fraction into oligomers and monomers; and separating the monomers from the each other and the oligomers using ion exchange.

Abstract: The present invention includes a process for extracting bio-functional materials from biomass. The method comprises providing biomass and subjecting the biomass to substantially instantaneous pressurization and depressurization to separate bio-functional materials, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from the biomass.

Abstract: The present invention includes a process for extracting a stereoisomer fro biomass. The method comprises providing biomass and subjecting the biomass to substantially instantaneous pressurization and depressurization to separate cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from the biomass. The hemicellulose is hydrolyzed to form hemicellulose hydrolysates. The hydrolysates are separated using chromatography.