Abstract: A compound having a structure of the formula Ir(LA)(LB), in which LA is a bidentate, tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate ligand and LB is a monodentate, bidentate, tridentate, or tetradentate ligand, or not present, and where the total denticity of LA plus LB is 6, and LA includes at least one structure of Formula I: is disclosed as a useful phosphorescent emitter compound.

Abstract: A multimodal fiducial marker (10) for registration of data is disclosed. The multimodal fiducial marker (10) generally comprises a first portion (12) made from at least one radiopaque material and a second portion (14) made from a porous material capable of absorbing at least one radioactive material. The second portion (14) at least partially surrounds the first portion (12).

Abstract: A calibration/surgical tool includes an electromagnetic sensor array of two or more electromagnetic sensors in a known geometrical configuration. Electromagnetic tracking errors are characterized by a mapping of pre-operative absolute and relative errors based on a movement of a calibrated calibration/surgical tool through a pre-operative electromagnetic field. Using statistical mapping, a desired absolute error field is measured either in the clinic as the part of daily quality control checks, or before the patient comes in or in vivo. A resulting error field may be displayed to the physician to provide clear visual feedback about measurement confidence or reliability of localization estimates of the absolute errors in electromagnetic tracking.

Abstract: A sensor tracking device, system and method include a sensor (118) configured on a wire (110) and adapted to fit in a working channel (116) of an endoscope (100). An image identifiable feature (120) is formed on a distal end portion of the sensor which is identifiable when the sensor is extended from the endoscope. An image of the image identifiable feature is collected by the endoscope and permits a determination of a pose of the endoscope.

Abstract: A calibration/surgical tool (90, 160) includes an electromagnetic sensor array (30) of two or more electromagnetic sensors in a known geometrical configuration. Electromagnetic tracking errors are characterized by a mapping of pre-operative absolute and relative errors based on a movement of a calibrated calibration/surgical tool (90, 160) through a pre-operative electromagnetic field. Using statistical mapping, a desired absolute error field (46) is measured either in the clinic as the part of daily quality control checks, or before the patient comes in or in vivo. A resulting error field (46) may be displayed to the physician to provide clear visual feedback about measurement confidence or reliability of localization estimates of the absolute errors in electromagnetic tracking.

Abstract: A system for tracking a device can include a medical device for placement in a target anatomy of a patient, one or more sensors in proximity to and connected to the medical device, wherein positioning data associated with the medical device is generated by the one or more accelerometric sensors, and a processor for determining at least one of a position and an orientation of the medical device based on the positioning data.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for manufacturing anatomically and functionally accurate soft tissue phantoms with multimodality characteristics for imaging studies is disclosed. The organ/tissue phantom is constructed by filling a container containing an organ having inner vasculature therein with a molten elastomeric material; inserting a plurality of rods with bumps thereupon through the container and the organ; allowing the molten elastomeric material to harden and cure; removing the organ; replacing the organ with a plurality of elastomeric segments; and removing an elastomeric segment and replacing the void created thereupon with molten PVA to create a PVA segment; allowing the molten PVA segment to harden and cure; and repeating the creation of PVA segments until all the elastomeric segments have been removed, such that each successive molten PVA segment adheres to and fuses with the previous hardened PVA segment so as to form an approximately complete organ phantom cast.

Abstract: An interlocking nested cannula set (231) has a plurality of telescoping tubes cooperatively configured and dimensioned to reach a target location relative to an anatomical region. Each tube has a pre-set interlocking shape. A nesting of an inner tube (30) within an outer tube (40) includes a gap (50) between the tubes (30, 40), which interlock within the gap (50) to limit rotation of the tubes (30, 40) relative to the gap (50). The interlocking shapes of the tubes (30, 40) may be identical or different. Examples of the interlocking shapes of a polygonal interlocking shape, a non-circular closed curve interlocking shape, a polygonal-closed curve hybrid interlocking shape and a keyway interlocking shape.

Abstract: A multimodal fiducial marker (10) for registration of data is disclosed. The multimodal fiducial marker (10) generally comprises a first portion (12) made from at least one radiopaque material and a second portion (14) made from a porous material capable of absorbing at least one radioactive material. The second portion (14) at least partially surrounds the first portion (12).

Abstract: An electro-magnetic tracking system includes a system controller having a sensor interface, a generator, and a positioning and angular orientation configuration. The generator is responsive to the system controller for generating an electro-magnetic field that includes a tracking volume of highest accuracy. The highest accuracy corresponds to an accuracy of the sensor interface and system controller to detect a sensor physically located within the tracking volume versus a lesser accuracy of the sensor interface and system controller to detect the sensor if the sensor is located outside of the tracking volume. The positioning and angular orientation configuration is coupled to the field generator for visibly optimizing (i) a positioning and/or (ii) an angular orientation of the electro-magnetic field generator such that the tracking volume lies within a centroid of a physical volume of interest, thereby enabling a detection of a sensor within the tracking volume with a highest accuracy.

Abstract: An electro-magnetic tracking system (50,110) includes a system controller (58) having a sensor interface, a generator (52), and a positioning and angular orientation configuration (62,114). The generator is responsive to the system controller for generating an electro-magnetic field, the electro-magnetic field including a portion thereof characterized as a tracking volume (54) of highest accuracy. The highest accuracy corresponds to an accuracy of the sensor interface and system controller to detect a sensor (56) physically located within the tracking volume versus a lesser accuracy of the sensor interface and system controller to detect the sensor if the sensor is located outside of the tracking volume.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for manufacturing anatomically and functionally accurate soft tissue phantoms with multimodality characteristics for imaging studies is disclosed. The organ/tissue phantom is constructed by filling a container containing an organ having inner vasculature therein with a molten elastomeric material; inserting a plurality of rods with bumps thereupon through the container and the organ; allowing the molten elastomeric material to harden and cure; removing the organ; replacing the organ with a plurality of elastomeric segments; and removing an elastomeric segment and replacing the void created thereupon with molten PVA to create a PVA segment; allowing the molten PVA segment to harden and cure; and repeating the creation of PVA segments until all the elastomeric segments have been removed, such that each successive molten PVA segment adheres to and fuses with the previous hardened PVA segment so as to form an approximately complete organ phantom cast.

Abstract: An image guided surgery system is disclosed that includes a position detection system which measures the position of a surgical instrument and displays the surgical instrument in its corresponding position in a CT-image or an MRI-image. The position detection system is provided with an indicator system which shows a region for which the position detection system is sensitive. Preferably, the camera unit of the position detection system incorporates at least two cameras and two semiconductor lasers for emitting separate laser beams that intersect and generate a visible marker within the region, each of the semiconductor lasers being mounted on the camera unit such that each of the laser beams substantially track the optical axis of each camera.

Abstract: In a clinical or preclinical imaging system, an image acquisition subsystem includes a data acquisition and image reconstruction elements generating clinical or preclinical images. A quantitative image processing subsystem generates variability metadata associated with the clinical or preclinical images, and a clinically or preclinically significant result with an associated confidence interval computed based on the variability metadata. A user interface displays the clinically or preclinically significant result together with the associated confidence interval. A phantom for calibrating such an imaging system includes a deformable nonbiological structure approximating structure of a clinical or preclinical subject to be imaged, and fiducial markers detectable by the imaging system disposed on or in the deformable nonbiological structure to move with deformation of the deformable nonbiological structure.

Abstract: A head-mounted projection display system is characterized by a pair of head-mounted low-power image projectors mounted adjacent the eyes of the viewer, and aimed to project in a direction along the line of sight of the viewer toward a high-gain, retro-reflective screen. Stereoscopic viewing is enabled by projecting separate images to the right and left projectors. The retro-reflectivity of the screen ensures that the right and left images will be returned to the right and left eye, respectively.

Abstract: A solid state multi-spectral light source for a multi-spectral light source system includes an array of LED groups, wherein each LED group may include red, green, and blue LEDs. The LEDs produce color light bars by activating the appropriate color LEDs. The color light bars can be flashed or scrolled to integrate a color display.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating an image having a desired brightness, which image is generated by means of a device provided with at least one light source, at least one electro-optical light modulation panel and at least one light-control device. The light from the light source is converted into an image having a desired brightness via at least the electro-optical light modulation panel and the light-control device. The image to be projected is analyzed in a regulator, whereafter the electro-optical light modulation panel and the light-control device are driven, while a too bright image is generated by means of the electro-optical light modulation panel, which image is converted by means of the light-control device into an image having a desired brightness and a desired contrast.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating an image having a desired brightness, which image is generated by means of a device provided with at least one light source, at least one electro-optical light modulation panel and at least one light-control device. The light from the light source is converted into an image having a desired brightness via at least the electro-optical light modulation panel and the light-control device. The image to be projected is analyzed in a regulator, whereafter the electro-optical light modulation panel and the light-control device are driven, while a too bright image is generated by means of the electro-optical light modulation panel, which image is converted by means of the light-control device into an image having a desired brightness and a desired contrast.

Abstract: A prism is mounted onto a motor without regard to its rotation angle relative to the motor index. Its position is electronically set later after construction of the optical path. A motor controller is used to control the rotation of the prism. This motor controller keeps the prism spinning at a constant velocity and positions the prism phase (rotation angle versus time). A variable offset is used to position the absolute prism rotation as a function of time. The phase may be advanced or delayed by an operator during set up. Each prism has its own phase. The phase of each prism in the system is set so that the illumination pattern correctly matches the video addressing of the panel. This is a one time set up during construction. The correct positions are set, and stored in non-volatile memory for life.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating an image having a desired brightness, which image is generated by means of a device provided with at least one light source, at least one electro-optical light modulation panel and at least one light-control device. The light from the light source is converted into an image having a desired brightness via at least the electro-optical light modulation panel and the light-control device. The image to be projected is analyzed in a regulator, whereafter the electro-optical light modulation panel and the light-control device are driven, while a too bright image is generated by means of the electro-optical light modulation panel, which image is converted by means of the light-control device into an image having a desired brightness and a desired contrast.