Abstract: An apparatus includes an electrical connector. The electrical connector is configured to electrically couple a signal transmission line to another signal transmission line. The electrical connector includes a first electrical conductor and a second electrical conductor. The first electrical conductor is disposed around a center axis. The first electrical conductor is disposed azimuthally symmetric around the center axis. The second electrical conductor is disposed around the center axis and around the first electrical conductor. The second electrical conductor is disposed azimuthally symmetric around the center axis. Faces on opposing ends of the electrical connector along the center axis are configured to mate the signal transmission line and the second electrical conductor in a first plane and the other signal transmission line and the second electrical conductor in a second plane.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an electrical connector. The electrical connector is configured to electrically couple a signal transmission line to another signal transmission line. The electrical connector includes a first electrical conductor and a second electrical conductor. The first electrical conductor is disposed around a center axis. The first electrical conductor is disposed azimuthally symmetric around the center axis. The second electrical conductor is disposed around the center axis and around the first electrical conductor. The second electrical conductor is disposed azimuthally symmetric around the center axis. Faces on opposing ends of the electrical connector along the center axis are configured to mate the signal transmission line and the second electrical conductor in a first plane and the other signal transmission line and the second electrical conductor in a second plane.

Abstract: An apparatus for acquiring a desired response to an electromagnetic signal includes an adaptive network that receives a feedback signal and dynamically adjusts an electrical characteristic of the adaptive network in response to the feedback signal, the adaptive network electrically cooperating with an electrical component. A measurement device measures a parameter indicative of a combined response by the electrical component and the adaptive network to an impinging electromagnetic signal. A processor identifies, in accordance with the measured parameter, the feedback signal that reduces the difference between a predetermined response and the combined response to the electromagnetic signal. A feedback generator generates the identified feedback signal and conveys the generated feedback signal to the adaptive network.

Abstract: A differential transmission line includes a sheath, a first conductive structure, a second conductive structure, and a resistive layer. The first conductive structure is disposed along the differential transmission line and within the sheath, and contributes to formation of a three-dimensional electromagnetic field. The second conductive structure is disposed along the differential transmission line and within the sheath, and contributes to formation of the three-dimensional electromagnetic field. The resistive layer is aligned to be substantially perpendicular to an electric field component of a first mode of the three-dimensional electromagnetic field, and to provide absorption of an electric field component of a second mode of the three-dimensional electromagnetic field.

Abstract: A method is provided for compensating for impairment of an electrical signal output from a device under test (DUT), the impairment resulting from an impairment network. The method includes measuring an impaired electrical signal received at an electronic analyzer via the impairment network; applying a coded pulse sequence to the impairment network; estimating an impairment transfer function corresponding to the impairment based on the applied pulse sequence; and correcting the measured electrical signal using the impairment transfer function to determine the electrical signal output from the DUT.

Abstract: A method is provided for compensating for impairment of an electrical signal output from a device under test (DUT), the impairment resulting from an impairment network. The method includes measuring an impaired electrical signal received at an electronic analyzer via the impairment network; applying a stimulus signal to the impairment network; estimating an impairment transfer function corresponding to the impairment based on the applied stimulus signal; and correcting the measured electrical signal using the impairment transfer function to determine the electrical signal output from the DUT.

Abstract: An apparatus for acquiring a desired response to an electromagnetic signal includes an adaptive network that receives a feedback signal and dynamically adjusts an electrical characteristic of the adaptive network in response to the feedback signal, the adaptive network electrically cooperating with an electrical component. A measurement device measures a parameter indicative of a combined response by the electrical component and the adaptive network to an impinging electromagnetic signal. A processor identifies, in accordance with the measured parameter, the feedback signal that reduces the difference between a predetermined response and the combined response to the electromagnetic signal. A feedback generator generates the identified feedback signal and conveys the generated feedback signal to the adaptive network.

Abstract: A coherent optical receiver includes a local oscillator (LO) laser configured to provide an LO signal. The LO laser includes a hybrid external cavity and an active gain medium within the hybrid external cavity, where the LO laser is defined between a first optical reflector on a chip including the active gain medium and a second optical reflector not on the chip.

Abstract: A method is provided for compensating for impairment of an electrical signal output from a device under test (DUT), the impairment resulting from an impairment network. The method includes measuring an impaired electrical signal received at an electronic analyzer via the impairment network; applying a stimulus signal to the impairment network; estimating an impairment transfer function corresponding to the impairment based on the applied stimulus signal; and correcting the measured electrical signal using the impairment transfer function to determine the electrical signal output from the DUT.

Abstract: A method is provided for compensating for impairment of an electrical signal output from a device under test (DUT), the impairment resulting from an impairment network. The method includes measuring an impaired electrical signal received at an electronic analyzer via the impairment network; applying a coded pulse sequence to the impairment network; estimating an impairment transfer function corresponding to the impairment based on the applied pulse sequence; and correcting the measured electrical signal using the impairment transfer function to determine the electrical signal output from the DUT.

Abstract: A measurement system has a modulated laser source that illuminates a target within the measurement system. The modulated laser source has a first coherence length in an unmodulated state, and a second coherence length in a modulated state that is shorter than the first coherence length. The measurement system includes a detector that receives a deflected signal from the target and provides a detected signal having a signal component and a drift component, wherein the drift component is lower in the modulated state than in the unmodulated state of the modulated laser source.

Abstract: A system of using an interferometer, in combination with a laser, and a detector to determine absorptive characteristics of a material under test. The operation of the interferometer allows for determination of the wavelength of the laser beam and for determining relative changes in the wavelength of the laser beam. A method for using a laser source and an interferometer to determine characteristics of a material under test in accordance with the present invention is also provided.

Abstract: The polarization of the lightwave at the input to a heterodyne receiver can be determined by measurements of the amplitude of electrical signals without the need for phase measurements. This allows more accurate measurements of the polarization in the presence of noise and allows a determination of the degree of polarization of the lightwave.

Abstract: An optical heterodyne detection system includes a tunable optical pre-selector that is adjusted to track the frequency of a swept local oscillator signal. The tunable optical pre-selector is adjusted in response to a measure of the frequency of the swept local oscillator signal and in response to a measure of a portion of the swept local oscillator signal after the portion of the swept local oscillator signal optically interacts with the pre-selector. Additionally, the pre-selector is dithered such that a dither is imparted on the portion of the swept local oscillator signal that interacts with the optical pre-selector.

Abstract: A swept-angle SPR measurement system deflects an optical beam over a range of deflection angles according to a control signal and maps the deflected beam to a target within a range of incidence angles that corresponds to the range of deflection angles.

Abstract: A multiplexed optical detector includes a set of optical sensors coupled to a multiplexer that maps subsets of the optical sensors to at least one multiplexed output provided by the multiplexer. The subsets of optical sensors are configurable according to addresses that are provided to the multiplexer.

Abstract: A system and method for superheterodyne detection in accordance with the invention. The system comprises a first conversion unit for performing a first heterodyne operation on an optical input signal to generate an electrical IF signal. A second conversion unit is electrically or optically coupled to the first conversion unit. The second conversion unit performs a second heterodyne operation to generate an electrical output signal suitable for signal processing.

Abstract: Embodiments in accordance with the invention provide communication between vehicles and traffic control devices and/or other vehicles. The communication system provides for communication of system variables such as: signal setting (e.g., red/yellow/green light), signal direction, time to signal change, signal sequence (e.g., next traffic flow), red light runner alert, signal failure, driver urgency, vehicle presence, absolute vehicle location, toll collection information, vehicle speed, roadway condition (e.g., ice on bridge surface), traffic impairments (e.g., delay ahead). The communication system also provides for communication of system variables such as: speed, acceleration/deceleration, braking, lane change with direction, malfunction (e.g., stall). The system communicates utilizing wireless optical, acoustic and/or radio frequency signaling methods.

Abstract: Systems and methods for position determination and motion tracking for use in a processor based system. Embodiments may incorporate a redirector that moves in at least one direction about a fixed point, an object operable to reflect a search beam as a location beam, logic operable to determine at least one angle of position for the object from the orientation of the redirector, and logic operable to determine a distance of the object from a fixed point.

Abstract: An optical position-tracking system comprises an optical device for generating an incident light beam and a reference light beam from a light beam. Moreover, the optical position-tracking system further comprises a light beam steering device for sweeping the incident light beam through an angular range to cause a reflection of the incident light beam by a target, whereas the reflection of the incident light beam is directed to interfere with the reference light beam to form an interference light beam. Additionally, the optical position-tracking system enables determination of a position of the target using an interferometric technique utilizing an angular value of the incident light beam and the interference light beam, whereas the angular value depends on the reflection. If the light beam has a plurality of wavelengths, either due to the existence of these wavelengths simultaneously, or over a time interval having multiple wavelengths, the absolute position of the target can be determined.