Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a change in a quadrant of operation of a brushless direct current motor. A quadrant change in an operation of a motor is identified. In response to identifying the quadrant change, selected ones of a plurality of switches in a switch bridge are selected to be controlled to couple a direct current power source to the windings of the motor to change a direction of an actual current in the windings.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electric motor. A desired speed is identified for the electric motor during operation of the electric motor. A voltage is identified to cause the electric motor to turn at the desired speed. The voltage is applied to the electric motor and actively controlled during operation of the electric motor.

Abstract: Presented is a system and method for controlling an actuator in a multirate control system using an integrated upsampler and filter, comprising an incremental command limiter for changing a command from a first control system into a limited incremental command in a second control system, a lead-lag filter for filtering the limited incremental command to attenuate high frequencies, and a feed forward path for reducing phase loss in rate output signal at low frequencies. In embodiments, a command position signal received at the sampling rate of the first control system is interpolated into incremental command position signals at the sampling rate of the second control system. Position error signals and rate error signals from the devices being controlled are used as feedback to further stability the control loops.

Abstract: Methods and compositions that can be used to make monatin from glucose, tryptophan, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-pyruvate, and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid, are provided. Methods are also disclosed for producing the indole-3-pyruvate and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid intermediates. Compositions provided include nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, chemical structures, and cells. Methods include in vitro and in vivo processes, and the in vitro methods include chemical reactions.

Abstract: Methods and compositions that can be used to make monatin from glucose, tryptophan, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-pyruvate, and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid, are provided. Methods are also disclosed for producing the indole-3-pyruvate and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid intermediates. Compositions provided include nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, chemical structures, and cells. Methods include in vitro and in vivo processes, and the in vitro methods include chemical reactions.

Abstract: Methods and compositions that can be used to make monatin or salt thereof from glucose, tryptophan, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-pyruvate, and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid, are provided. Methods are also disclosed for producing the indole-3-pyruvate and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid intermediates. Compositions provided include nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, chemical structures, and cells. Methods include in vitro and in vivo processes, and the in vitro methods include chemical reactions.

Abstract: Presented is a system and method for controlling an actuator in a multirate control system using an integrated upsampler and filter, comprising an incremental command limiter for changing a command from a first control system into a limited incremental command in a second control system, a lead-lag filter for filtering the limited incremental command to attenuate high frequencies, and a feed forward path for reducing phase loss in rate output signal at low frequencies. In embodiments, a command position signal received at the sampling rate of the first control system is interpolated into incremental command position signals at the sampling rate of the second control system. Position error signals and rate error signals from the devices being controlled are used as feedback to further stability the control loops.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various embodiments regarding the production of mixed fatty esters. Disclosed herein are various embodiments regarding the use of mixed alcohol compositions for the production of fatty esters.

Abstract: Methods and compositions that can be used to make monatin from glucose, tryptophan, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-pyruvate, and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid, are provided. Methods are also disclosed for producing the indole-3-pyruvate and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid intermediates. Compositions provided include nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, chemical structures, and cells. Methods include in vitro and in vivo processes, and the in vitro methods include chemical reactions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel beverage compositions comprising monatin and methods for making such compositions. The present invention also relates to beverage compositions comprising specific monatin stereoisomers, specific blends of monatin stereoisomers, and/or monatin produced via a biosynthetic pathway in vivo (e.g., inside cells) or in vitro.

Abstract: Methods and compositions that can be used to make monatin from glucose, tryptophan, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-pyruvate, and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid, are provided. Methods are also disclosed for producing the indole-3-pyruvate and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid intermediates. Compositions provided include nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, chemical structures, and cells. Methods include in vitro and in vivo processes, and the in vitro methods include chemical reactions.

Abstract: The method and system for automatically controlling a path of travel of a vehicle include engaging an automatic control system when the security of the onboard controls is jeopardized. Engagement may be automatic or manual from inside the vehicle or remotely via a communication link. Any onboard capability to supersede the automatic control system may then be disabled by disconnecting the onboard controls and/or providing uninterruptible power to the automatic control system via a path that does not include the onboard accessible power control element(s). The operation of the vehicle is then controlled via the processing element of the automatic control system. The control commands may be received from a remote location and/or from predetermined control commands that are stored onboard the vehicle.

Abstract: The production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) from glycerol in a bacterial host is described. 3-HP is a useful feedstock for the production of polymeric materials. The genetic engineering of a bacterial host with two enzymes is sufficient to enable production of 3-HP. One enzyme is a glycerol dehydratase and the other is an aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Abstract: The method and system for automatically controlling a path of travel of a vehicle include engaging an automatic control system when the security of the onboard controls is jeopardized. Engagement may be automatic or manual from inside the vehicle or remotely via a communication link. Any onboard capability to supersede the automatic control system may then be disabled by disconnecting the onboard controls and/or providing uninterruptible power to the automatic control system via a path that does not include the onboard accessible power control element(s). The operation of the vehicle is then controlled via the processing element of the automatic control system. The control commands may be received from a remote location and/or from predetermined control commands that are stored onboard the vehicle.

Abstract: Methods and compositions that can be used to make monatin from glucose, tryptophan, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-pyruvate, and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid, are provided. Methods are also disclosed for produding the indole-3-pyruvate and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid intermediates. Compositions provided include nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, chemical structures, and cells. Methods include in vitro and in vivo processes, and the in vitro methods include chemical reactions.

Abstract: Microorganisms which ferment common sugars into 1,2-propanediol, synthetic operons to effect the transformation, and methods to produce 1,2-propanediol by fermentation of common sugars using the transformed microorganisms are disclosed.

Abstract: Microorganisms which ferment common sugars into 1,2-propanediol, synthetic operons to effect the transformation, and methods to produce 1,2-propanediol by fermentation of common sugars using the transformed microorganisms are disclosed.

Abstract: A biologically pure enzyme comprising D-.alpha.-glycerophosphatase from Bacillus licheniformis is disclosed. A genetic construction in a heterologous host capable of producing D-.alpha.-glycerophosphate is also disclosed, wherein the construction includes a protein coding sequence for D-.alpha.-glycerophosphatase from Bacillus licheniformis.

Abstract: A galactomannan heteropolysaccharide is prepared by fermentation of a previously unknown microorganism, named Erwinia sp. ATCC No. 55046. The polysaccharide has valuable properties as a thickening, suspending, stabilizing and lubricating agent in aqueous systems. It has a chemical composition of mannose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the approximate molar ratio of 5:3:2. The polysaccharide can be produced in high yield and volumetric productivity from a submerged culture fermentation of a low-cost, lactose-containing whey or whey permeate medium.

Abstract: A galactomannan heteropolysaccharide is prepared by fermentation of a previously unknown microorganism, named Erwina sp. ATCC No. 55046. The polysaccharide has valuable properties as a thickening, suspending, stabilizing and lubricating agent in aqueous systems. It has a chemical composition of mannose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the approximate molar ratio of 5:3:2. The polysaccharide can be produced in high yield and volumetric productivity from a submerged culture fermentation of a low-cost, lactose-containing whey or whey permeate medium.