Abstract: A convertible inflatable stand-up paddle board includes a main body member defining a first aperture and optionally a second aperture, and one or more panels fixed to the main body member and covering a bottom end of the apertures. A foldable seat assembly is disposed in the first aperture, and a second seat assembly is disposed in the second aperture. The seat assemblies have a seat portion and a backrest portion. The backrest portion is movable between (i) a folded position wherein a surface of the backrest portion and an upper surface of the main body member define a standing surface for the stand-up paddle board, and (ii) an upright position wherein the backrest portion extends away from the seat portion. The stand-up paddle board is thereby convertible between a stand-up configuration and a sit-down configuration.

Abstract: A water ski system includes an elongate ski body member having an aft end portion with a mounting face. Interchangeable tail members having an engagement face are configured to be selectively mounted to the ski body such that the engagement face of the tail member abut the mounting face of the ski body member. Attachment hardware removably fixes the selected tail member to the ski body member. The interchangeable tail members may have a variety of shapes and lengths, allowing a skier to customize the water ski to accommodate differing water ski styles, water, conditions, and skill levels.

Abstract: A convertible inflatable stand-up paddle board includes a main body member defining a first aperture and optionally a second aperture, and one or more panels fixed to the main body member and covering a bottom end of the apertures. A foldable seat assembly is disposed in the first aperture, and a second seat assembly is disposed in the second aperture. The seat assemblies have a seat portion and a backrest portion. The backrest portion is movable between (i) a folded position wherein a surface of the backrest portion and an upper surface of the main body member define a standing surface for the stand-up paddle board, and (ii) an upright position wherein the backrest portion extends away from the seat portion. The stand-up paddle board is thereby convertible between a stand-up configuration and a sit-down configuration.

Abstract: A water ski system includes an elongate ski body member having an aft end portion with a mounting face. Interchangeable tail members having an engagement face are configured to be selectively mounted to the ski body such that the engagement face of the tail member abut the mounting face of the ski body member. Attachment hardware removably fixes the selected tail member to the ski body member. The interchangeable tail members may have a variety of shapes and lengths, allowing a skier to customize the water ski to accommodate differing water ski styles, water, conditions, and skill levels.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to produce para-xylene, toluene, and other compounds from renewable sources (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose) and ethylene in the presence of an acid, such as a Lewis acid. For example, cellulose and/or hemicellulose may be converted into 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) and 2-methylfuran, which may be converted into para-xylene and toluene, respectively. In particular, para-xylene can then be oxidized to form terephthalic acid.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods that utilize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a substrate for further conversion to C4 and C5 compounds. Polyhydroxyalkanoates can undergo esterification to yield alkyl hydroxyalkanoates and alkyl alkenoates, which may serve as useful precursors in the production of alkadienes and alkenedioic acids, including for example butadiene and butenedioic acid.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods that utilize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a substrate for further conversion to C4 and C5 compounds. Polyhydroxyalkanoates can undergo esterification to yield alkyl hydroxyalkanoates and alkyl alkenoates, which may serve as useful precursors in the production of alkadienes and alkenedioic acids, including for example butadiene and butenedioic acid.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to produce para-xylene, toluene, and other compounds from renewable sources (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose) and ethylene in the presence of an acid, such as a Lewis acid. For example, cellulose and/or hemicellulose may be converted into 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) and 2-methylfuran, which may be converted into para-xylene and toluene, respectively. In particular, para-xylene can then be oxidized to form terephthalic acid.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods that utilize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a substrate for further conversion to C4 and C5 compounds. Polyhydroxyalkanoates can undergo esterification to yield alkyl hydroxyalkanoates and alkyl alkenoates, which may serve as useful precursors in the production of alkadienes and alkenedioic acids, including for example butadiene and butenedioic acid.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to produce para-xylene, toluene, and other compounds from renewable sources (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose) and ethylene in the presence of an acid, such as a Lewis acid. For example, cellulose and/or hemicellulose may be converted into 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) and 2-methylfuran, which may be converted into para-xylene and toluene, respectively. In particular, para-xylene can then be oxidized to form terephthalic acid.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods that utilize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a substrate for further conversion to C4 and C5 compounds. Polyhydroxyalkanoates can undergo esterification to yield alkyl hydroxyalkanoates and alkyl alkenoates, which may serve as useful precursors in the production of alkadienes and alkenedioic acids, including for example butadiene and butenedioic acid.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to produce para-xylene, toluene, and other compounds from renewable sources (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose) and ethylene in the presence of an acid, such as a Lewis acid. For example, cellulose and/or hemicellulose may be converted into 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) and 2-methylfuran, which may be converted into para-xylene and toluene, respectively. In particular, para-xylene can then be oxidized to form terephthalic acid.

Abstract: A hay spear accessory apparatus for providing a secure and fixed mounting point for attachments such as ropes, chains, cables and the like, the apparatus being generally comprised of a an open-ended sleeve member having an interior diameter sized for slidable engagement over the distal end of a hay spear, the sleeve having attachment mounting means fixedly connected to the outer surface thereof. The interior of the sleeve has a varied diameter so as to accommodate the receipt of hay spears of various diameters. The apparatus of the subject invention is designed for frictional engagement with a hay spear, but optional securing means are also provided which prevent axial displacement of the apparatus along the hay spear once mounted thereon.

Abstract: A binding for water sports comprises a baseplate, which may optionally include a toe cup, and a heel cup. A heel loop is pivotably attached to the heel cup, and is pivotable between an upper position and a lower position to adjust the amount of support provided to the user's ankle. An adjustment control, for example a lever and cam mechanism pivotably attaches to the heel cup and is positioned such that the user can selectively move the cam portion between a release position wherein the heel loop is not supported in the upper position, and a support position wherein the heel loop is supported in the upper position. A flexible upper portion is attached to the base plate.

Abstract: A hay spear accessory apparatus for providing a secure and fixed mounting point for attachments such as ropes, chains, cables and the like, the apparatus being generally comprised of a an open-ended sleeve member having an interior diameter sized for slidable engagement over the distal end of a hay spear, the sleeve having attachment mounting means fixedly connected to the outer surface thereof. The interior of the sleeve has a varied diameter so as to accommodate the receipt of hay spears of various diameters. The apparatus of the subject invention is designed for frictional engagement with a hay spear, but optional securing means are also provided which prevent axial displacement of the apparatus along the hay spear once mounted thereon.

Abstract: A water sport binding is disclosed having a rigid base plate that is adapted to be mounted to a board such as a wake board. A heel loop is pivotably mounted to the base plate and a flexible upper assembly is provided that includes a forward portion that attaches to the base plate and a rearward portion that attaches to the pivotable heel loop. A lever mechanism, including a lever mounted on the heel loop and a cable that attaches to either side of the base plate and extends through a channel in the lever provides a mechanism for locking the heel loop in an upright position during use. The user pivots the lever to permit the heel loop to pivot rearwardly, permitting ready entry or egress from the binding. The flexible upper assembly may include front and back panels, an instep support, an ankle support, and attachment means.

Abstract: A binding for water sports comprises a baseplate, which may optionally include a toe cup, and a heel cup. A heel loop is pivotably attached to the heel cup, and is pivotable between an upper position and a lower position to adjust the amount of support provided to the user's ankle. An adjustment control, for example a lever and cam mechanism pivotably attaches to the heel cup and is positioned such that the user can selectively move the cam portion between a release position wherein the heel loop is not supported in the upper position, and a support position wherein the heel loop is supported in the upper position. A flexible upper portion is attached to the base plate.

Abstract: A water sport binding is disclosed having a rigid base plate that is adapted to be mounted to a board such as a wake board. A heel loop is pivotably mounted to the base plate and a flexible upper assembly is provided that includes a forward portion that attaches to the base plate and a rearward portion that attaches to the pivotable heel loop. A lever mechanism, including a lever mounted on the heel loop and a cable that attaches to either side of the base plate and extends through a channel in the lever provides a mechanism for locking the heel loop in an upright position during use. The user pivots the lever to permit the heel loop to pivot rearwardly, permitting ready entry or egress from the binding. The flexible upper assembly may include front and back panels, an instep support, an ankle support, and attachment means.

Abstract: A SiGe or Ge structure comprises a substrate and a SiGe or Ge layer that is formed on a first surface of the substrate. A silicidation or germanide layer is formed on a second surface of the substrate so to increase the tensile strain of the SiGe or Ge layer on the first surface.

Abstract: A water sport binding is disclosed having a rigid base plate that is adapted to be mounted to a board such as a wake board. A heel loop is pivotably mounted to the base plate and a flexible upper assembly is provided that includes a forward portion that attaches to the base plate and a rearward portion that attaches to the pivotable heel loop. A lever mechanism, including a lever mounted on the heel loop and a cable that attaches to either side of the base plate and extends through a channel in the lever provides a mechanism for locking the heel loop in an upright position during use. The user pivots the lever to permit the heel loop to pivot rearwardly, permitting ready entry or egress from the binding. The flexible upper assembly may include front and back panels, an instep support, an ankle support, and attachment means.