Abstract: The invention provides methods for synthesizing oligonucleotides using nucleoside monomers having carbonate protected hydroxyl groups that are deprotected with ?-effect nucleophiles. The ?-effect nucleophile irreversibly cleave the carbonate protecting groups while simultaneously oxidizing the internucleotide phosphite triester linkage to a phosphodiester linkage. The procedure may be carried out in aqueous solution at neutral to mildly basic pH. The method eliminates the need for separate deprotection and oxidation steps, and, since the use of acid to remove protecting groups is unnecessary, acid-induced depurination is avoided. Fluorescent or other readily detectable carbonate protecting groups can be used, enabling monitoring of individual reaction steps during oligonucleotide synthesis. The invention is particularly useful in the highly parallel, microscale synthesis of oligonucleotides.

Abstract: In certain embodiments of the invention, novel compositions having a phosphorus group and a phosphorus protecting group bound to the phosphorus group are provided, and methods of deprotecting the phosphorus group are provided.

Abstract: Nucleotide monomers, polynucleotides, methods of making each, and methods of deprotecting each, are disclosed.

Abstract: Nucleotide monomers, polynucleotides, methods of making making each, methods of deprotecting each, and the like are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Methods of deprotecting polynucleotides are disclosed.

Abstract: Nucleoside phosphinoamidite carboxylates and analogs are provided that have the structure of formula (III) wherein A is hydrogen, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxy-substituted lower alkoxy, halogen, SH, NH2, azide or DL wherein D is O, S or NH and L is a heteroatom-protecting group, unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, or substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl; B is a nucleobase; and one of R11 and R12 is a blocking group and the other is (IV) or (VI) in which W, X, Y, Z, R1 and n are as defined herein.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for synthesizing oligonucleotides using nucleoside monomers having carbonate protected hydroxyl groups that are deprotected with ?-effect nucleophiles. The ?-effect nucleophile irreversibly cleave the carbonate protecting groups while simultaneously oxidizing the internucleotide phosphite triester linkage to a phosphodiester linkage. The procedure may be carried out in aqueous solution at neutral to mildly basic pH. The method eliminates the need for separate deprotection and oxidation steps, and, since the use of acid to remove protecting groups is unnecessary, acid-induced depurination is avoided. Fluorescent or other readily detectable carbonate protecting groups can be used, enabling monitoring of individual reaction steps during oligonucleotide synthesis. The invention is particularly useful in the highly parallel, microscale synthesis of oligonucleotides.

Abstract: Methods of forming polynucleotides are disclosed.

Abstract: Inkjet printhead solvents and methods of forming an addressable nucleotide array are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a polynucleotide using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is described. The method includes obtaining the polynucleotide bound to a substrate via a linker moiety having a triaryl methyl linker group. The polynucleotide bound to the substrate is then contacted with a matrix material and analyzed by MALDI-MS. During the MALDI-MS analysis, laser radiation is directed at the matrix material, thereby exciting the matrix material and causing cleavage of the linker moiety. Ions generated as a result of this excitation and cleavage process are then analyzed to provide information about the polynucleotide.

Abstract: A method of analyzing an array during and/or after fabrication to obtain information relating to the quality of the array manufacturing process is described. The method includes providing an array of features on a substrate, wherein each feature has one or more polynucleotides bound to the substrate. At least one of the features of the provided array is a cleavable feature. The cleavable feature has one or more polynucleotides bound to the substrate via a cleavable linker. The cleavable feature is then contacted with a matrix material, and a MALDI-MS protocol is used to obtain information about the one or more polynucleotides of the cleavable feature. This information may then be used to evaluate the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing polynucleotides is disclosed. The method involves contacting a first nucleotide with a selected reactive group in the presence of an ionic liquid. The selected reactive group may be on a second nucleotide, a polynucleotide, or on a moiety on an insoluble substrate, for example in an oligonucleotide synthesizer.

Abstract: Precursors for use in the synthesis of polynucleotides and methods of using the precursors in synthesizing polynucleotides are disclosed. The precursors include a heterocyclic base having an exocyclic amine group and a substituted or unsubstituted triaryl methyl protecting group bound to the exocyclic amine group.

Abstract: Precursors for use in the synthesis of polynucleotides are disclosed. The precursors include a heterocyclic base having an exocyclic amine group and a substituted or unsubstituted triaryl methyl protecting group bound to the exocyclic amine group.

Abstract: Methods for polynucleotide synthesis using modified support materials are disclosed. The synthesis reaction typically involves concurrent oxidation and deprotection reactions. Upon synthesis of a desired polynucleotide, the completed polynucleotide may be released from the modified support materials.

Abstract: Methods of forming an internucleotide bond are disclosed. Such methods find use in synthesis of polynucleotides. The method involves contacting a functionalized support with a precursor having an exocyclic amine triaryl methyl protecting group under conditions and for a time sufficient to result in internucleotide bond formation. The functionalized support includes a solid support, a triaryl methyl linker group, and a nucleoside moiety having a reactive site hydroxyl, the nucleoside moiety attached to the solid support via the triaryl methyl linker group.

Abstract: Functionalized supports for polynucleotide synthesis are disclosed. The supports have linker moieties that are stable to conditions used in polynucleotide synthesis, but may be cleaved to release synthesized polynucleotides from the support. Methods of making the functionalized supports and methods of using are also disclosed.