Abstract: Provided are methods of identifying biomarkers that cause or promote progression of disease. The successful application of the methods is demonstrated by the identification of biomarkers associated with and/or causative of the onset and/or progression and/or severity and/or recurrence of glaucoma and POAG. Many of these biomarkers were not previously associated with glaucoma or POAG. Predictive methods are also described, as well as applications in prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy. Testing for onset, progression, severity, and/or recurrence can be carried out. A key advantage in at least some embodiments is that a patient can receive earlier treatment for the disease such as POAG by use of the methods, screenings, and predictions described herein. Another key advantage in at least some embodiments is that a patient can receive more personalized or particular treatment for the disease such as POAG by use of the methods, screenings, and predictions described herein.

Abstract: A fiber optic handpiece has portions formed with special contours that facilitate consistent placement of the probe in an axial rather than radial orientation, thus decreasing the likelihood of incidental laser exposure to unintended structures while maintaining the intrinsically higher laser-tissue coupling efficiency of a contact technique. One particular embodiment incorporates features that permit rapid and consistent positioning relative to visible landmark structures such as the limbus, thereby reducing treatment variability.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for permitting high power laser pulses to be controllably focused in the center of a biomicroscope field of observation by means of a mirror movable in three dimensions. The shutter mechanism, synchronized to the generation of each laser pulse, closes to protect the eyes of an observer against damage from the laser. The mirror is mounted on a shaft disposed on a housing for movement longituinally of its axis, rotationally about that axis, and pivotably about a point on the axis. The apparatus is portable so as to be easily transported to various locations in a medical facility.