Abstract: Exothermic oxidation of tertiary amine with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous reaction medium formed or being formed from tertiary amine, aqueous hydrogen peroxide, carbon dioxide, and optionally chelating agent and/or additional water, is initiated at about 15 to about 25.degree. C., and while agitating the reaction mixture, the temperature is allowed to rise adiabatically to a temperature in the range of about 50 to about 100.degree. C. In this way, it is possible to produce tertiary amine oxides with very low levels, if any, of nitrosamine impurity, without addition of metal and/or phosphorus-containing components recommended in the prior art. Even though a substantial portion of the reaction is performed at temperatures in the range of about 50-100.degree. C., nitrosamine content, if any, in the resultant tertiary amine oxide product can be well below 30 ppb, and the free amine content, if any, can be well below 0.3 wt %.

Abstract: Exothermic oxidation of tertiary amine with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous reaction medium formed or being formed from tertiary amine, aqueous hydrogen peroxide, carbon dioxide, and optionally chelating agent and/or additional water, is initiated at about 15 to about 25.degree. C., and while agitating the reaction mixture, the temperature is allowed to rise adiabatically to a temperature in the range of about 50 to about 100.degree. C. In this way, it is possible to produce tertiary amine oxides with very low levels, if any, of nitrosamine impurity, without addition of metal and/or phosphorus-containing components recommended in the prior art. Even though a substantial portion of the reaction is performed at temperatures in the range of about 50-100.degree. C., nitrosamine content, if any, in the resultant tertiary amine oxide product can be well below 30 ppb.

Abstract: A process is described in which tertiary amine is oxidized with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of carbon dioxide until the reaction mass contains (i) about 0.5 to about 6.5%, and preferably about 1 to about 2.5%, of unreacted free amine, (ii) carbon dioxide, and (iii) unreacted hydrogen peroxide. At this point individual portions of the reaction mass are dispensed into a plurality of shipping containers, or alternatively, the reaction mass is transferred to a cooling vessel, cooled therein, and then dispensed into a plurality of shipping containers. Thereafter the reaction is allowed to slowly continue to completion at ambient temperature in the shipping containers with venting of off-gases, as required. The process makes it possible to produce amine oxides with increased plant throughput without need for additional plant reaction equipment such as glass-lined reactors, and the consequent substantial additional capital investment.

Abstract: Vinylidene olefin can be formed in good yield and high selectivity in much shorter reaction periods than found critical heretofore. The process involves dimerizing vinyl olefin with at least one trialkylaluminum compound as the catalyst component charged to the reaction vessel. These materials are charged to the reactor so that it contains in the range of 0.001 to 0.5 mol of trialkylaluminum per mol of the initial vinyl olefin. The reaction is performed at a temperature in the range of 100.degree. to 200.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to convert 10 to 99% by weight of the initial vinyl olefin to a different product with at least 80 wt % vinylidene dimer selectivity. In conducting the process the liquid reaction mixture is in direct contact with a nickel-containing metal alloy surface for at least one hour at a temperature above about 50.degree. C.