Abstract: A vertical gardening apparatus with an outer shell enclosing an inner structure and liquid dispensing system that allows plants to grow on a vertical surface with minimum maintenance. Multiple vertical gardening apparatus may also be arranged together in aesthetically pleasing patterns on a wall.

Abstract: A vertical gardening apparatus with an outer shell enclosing an inner structure and liquid dispensing system that allows plants to grow on a vertical surface with minimum maintenance. Multiple vertical gardening apparatus may also be arranged together in aesthetically pleasing patterns on a wall.

Abstract: A film holder apparatus for field and studio cameras in which one or more sheets of film are maintained positively locked within a film holder frame in a crimped position so as to preclude undesirable sagging, shifting and bowing of the film prior to or during photography operations. Automatic film loading elements cooperate with the film holder frame to enable facilitated insertion and positioning of the film within the apparatus. Indexing ridges maintain the film in position, as gradual crimping takes place responsive to the insertion of a center plate member which cams the film rest plates adjacent the film sheets, outwardly against these sheets.