Abstract: The gas and water content of crude oil flowing through a pipeline is measured using a flow restriction in the pipeline, a radioactive source for providing separate radiation energies for each component to be measured, a detector for detecting the radiation transmitted by the various components to generate a first set of signals, pressure gauges upstream of and in the flow restriction for providing a second set of signals, and a signal processor for correlating the signals to provide mass flowrate values indicative of the relative proportions of the components of the mixture. The temperature of the mixture in the flow restriction can also be measured and fed to the signal processor for ensuring that accurate values of flowrate are obtained when temperatures vary.

Abstract: A method for the in-situ recovery of viscous oils or bitumen from subterranean oil-bearing formations by the injection of steam or a mixture of steam and an oxygen-containing gas under operating conditions that utilize pressurization and drawdown cycles wherein carbon dioxide is injected at the start of the pressurization cycle.