Abstract: An exercise apparatus, including a lower structure, an upper structure, wherein an end region of said upper structure is pivotably connected to an end region of said lower structure, wherein said upper structure is rotatable relative to said lower structure, and at least one resistance element. The at least one of said at least one resistance element is at least one of attached to and connected to said upper structure and to said lower structure. The at least one resistance element provides resistance to at least one of a rotational movement and an upward movement of said upper structure away from said lower structure.