Abstract: A treatment delivery system includes a fluid delivery system connected to a first fluid reservoir and a second fluid reservoir. The system directs a first fluid from the first fluid reservoir to a treatment site and directs a second fluid from the second fluid reservoir to the treatment site and a control unit to control the fluid delivery system according to a treatment process comprising a flow of the first fluid and the second fluid, the treatment process including multiple phases. A first phase includes a controlled delivery of the first fluid from the first fluid reservoir to the treatment site. A second phase of the plurality of phases includes a controlled delivery of the second fluid from the second fluid reservoir to the treatment site, the control unit automatically activating a transition from at least the first phase to the second phase.

Abstract: A treatment delivery system includes a fluid delivery system connected to a first fluid reservoir and a second fluid reservoir. The system directs a first fluid from the first fluid reservoir to a treatment site and directs a second fluid from the second fluid reservoir to the treatment site and a control unit to control the fluid delivery system according to a treatment process comprising a flow of the first fluid and the second fluid, the treatment process including multiple phases. A first phase includes a controlled delivery of the first fluid from the first fluid reservoir to the treatment site. A second phase of the plurality of phases includes a controlled delivery of the second fluid from the second fluid reservoir to the treatment site, the control unit automatically activating a transition from at least the first phase to the second phase. Related devices, systems, kits, and methods are provided.

Abstract: A treatment delivery system includes a fluid delivery system connected to a first fluid reservoir and a second fluid reservoir. The system directs a first fluid from the first fluid reservoir to a treatment site and directs a second fluid from the second fluid reservoir to the treatment site and a control unit to control the fluid delivery system according to a treatment process comprising a flow of the first fluid and the second fluid, the treatment process including multiple phases. A first phase includes a controlled delivery of the first fluid from the first fluid reservoir to the treatment site. A second phase of the plurality of phases includes a controlled delivery of the second fluid from the second fluid reservoir to the treatment site, the control unit automatically activating a transition from at least the first phase to the second phase.

Abstract: A method and apparatus include determining a value of a parameter associated with operation of an electrosurgical probe having a particular probe design, and determining whether the value of the parameter is within a range of values that has been predetermined for the particular probe design to indicate that the probe is treating tissue in a desired manner. Power is delivered to the probe according to an algorithm based upon a determination that the value of the parameter is outside the range of values The algorithm delivers power in a pulsed profile including portions of low power and portions of high power. In one embodiment, the tissue treatment is ablation, the parameter is impedance, and the method limits tissue necrosis to less than 200 microns. In another embodiment, the tissue treatment is shrinkage, the parameter is temperature, and the method limits power delivery when the probe is not shrinking tissue.

Abstract: A method and apparatus include determining a value of a parameter associated with operation of an electrosurgical probe having a particular probe design, and determining whether the value of the parameter is within a range of values that has been predetermined for the particular probe design to indicate that the probe is treating tissue in a desired manner. Power is delivered to the probe according to an algorithm based upon a determination that the value of the parameter is outside the range of values The algorithm delivers power in a pulsed profile including portions of low power and portions of high power. In one embodiment, the tissue treatment is ablation, the parameter is impedance, and the method limits tissue necrosis to less than 200 microns. In another embodiment, the tissue treatment is shrinkage, the parameter is temperature, and the method limits power delivery when the probe is not shrinking tissue.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument includes a shaft, a flexible portion, and a head coupled to the shaft through the flexible portion and pivotably coupled to the flexible portion. The head includes a non-conductive surface and an electrically conductive surface. The flexible portion is configured to bias the non-conductive surface and the electrically conductive surface towards a tissue surface, such as cartilage. The non-conductive surface may include a material having a thermal conductivity less than or equal to about 30 W/m*K and/or a volume resistivity greater than or equal to about 1×1014 ohm*cm. The non-conductive surface may include a ceramic such as Macor® ceramic, ZTA ceramic, and/or 99.5% alumina ceramic.