Abstract: An apparatus which allows monochromatic radiographs to be produced using conventional "table top" Coolidge tube generated x-rays, comprises of the use of known bent crystal x-ray diffractive optics to produce radiographic images. The apparatus for producing the desirable x-ray radiation in a predetermined maximum intensity includes a crystal of the type mentioned above which focuses the x-rays emitted from the tube, the crystal and tube being mounted on a linear translation table. In addition, a method of mammography and differential angiography employing that device are presented. Resolution of mammographs are improved and the method which uses images obtained with radiation above and below the absorption edge of the dye being used to detect anomalies in a circulatory system allows the use of dramatically reduced dye concentrations.

Abstract: A displacement measuring system includes means for focusing x-rays into a narrow, intense beam which can be used to excite targets that fluoresce secondary x-rays. By precisely measuring the focused image position as the focused image is caused to overlap the fluorescing target, relevant changes in target position can be determined. The x-rays are focused using a novel Johansson ground and bent crystal which, along with the x-ray tube, is mounted on a common base for lineal scanning. This common base preferably comprises a linear translation table. By scanning the beam onto fluorescing targets, edge detection can be accomplished by monitoring subsequent x-ray fluorescing using an appropriate detector whose output is measured and recorded. In a preferred embodiment, the detector is formed integral with an enclosure for enclosing the x-ray tube and bent crystal on the linear translation table.