Abstract: An oscillating crystal force transducer and method of making the same are provided, the transducer comprising support structure, a plate-shaped piezo-electric crystal having opposed sides and a peripheral edge extending between the opposed sides, and two seating members carried by the support structure and respectively engaging the peripheral edge of the crystal and arranged to apply a force to the crystal along a line extending through the crystal from one of the seating members to the other of the seating members, the support structure comprising a looped spring member having opposed ends spaced from each other to define the mouth of the looped spring member and respectively carrying the seating members whereby the crystal is disposed in the mouth of the looped spring member between the seating members thereof.

Abstract: An oscillating crystal force transducer and method of making the same are provided, the transducer comprising support structure, a plate-shaped piezo-electric crystal having opposed sides and a peripheral edge extending between the opposed sides, and two seating members carried by the support structure and respectively engaging the peripheral edge of the crystal and arranged to apply a force to the crystal along a line extending through the crystal from one of the seating members to the other of the seating members, the support structure comprising a looped spring member having opposed ends spaced from each other to define the mouth of the looped spring member and respectively carrying the seating members whereby the crystal is disposed in the mouth of the looped spring member between the seating members thereof.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine which burns a hydrocarbon fuel mixture and which produces a carbonaceous particle carrying exhaust gas stream that passes through a filter of the system that retains at least part of the particles therein, the system having a burn-off unit for periodically burning the retained particles in the filter to tend to periodically clean the filter of the retained particles thereof. The burn-off unit is adapted to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter to raise the temperature of the filter to particle burning temperature thereof, the burn-off unit injecting and burning a certain amount of the hydrocarbon fuel mixture in the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter.

Abstract: A fluid pressure actuator construction and method of making the same are provided, the method comprising the steps of forming a housing with an annular surface, securing an outer peripheral portion of a flexible diaphragm to the annular surface to define a fluid chamber with the housing whereby certain pressure differentials acting across the diaphragm cause movement thereof relative to the housing for actuation purposes or the like, and before the step of securing the diaphragm disposing a compression spring in the chamber to act between the housing and the diaphragm to tend to move the diaphragm in a direction away from the chamber, disposing a backup plate in the chamber so as to engage against the side of the diaphragm that faces the chamber, causing the spring to have one end thereof bearing against the backup plate, and forming the diaphragm to comprise a lamination having a polymeric layer defining the side thereof facing away from the chamber and a metallic layer defining the side thereof facing the c

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine which burns a hydrocarbon fuel mixture and which produces a carbonaceous particle carrying exhaust gas stream that passes through a filter of the system that retains at least part of the particles therein, the system having a burn-off unit for periodically burning the retained particles in the filter to tend to periodically clean the filter of the retained particles thereof. The burn-off unit is adapted to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter to raise the temperature of the filter to particle burning temperature thereof, the burn-off unit injecting and burning a certain amount of the hydrocarbon fuel mixture in the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter.

Abstract: An electrical switch construction having a housing carrying an electrical switch and an actuator for actuating an operating plunger of the electrical switch, the construction having a flexible diaphragm seal disposed against the electrical switch to seal the same to a part of the housing and define a chamber with that part of the housing so that the electrical switch is sealed therein. The diaphragm seal has a portion thereof disposed between the plunger and the actuator. The diaphragm seal has means for preventing a pressure increase in the chamber thereof that would adversely act across the portion of the diaphragm seal when there is an increase in the volume of fluid in the chamber regardless of whether the increase in volume is caused by a change in temperature and/or an out gasing of the plastic parts of the switch.

Abstract: A control device having a housing provided with a main lever pivotally mounted thereto by a pivot structure and being operatively associated with a flapper to move the same relative to a leakport in relation to pivotal movement of the main lever. The device has a feedback diaphragm operatively associated with a feedback lever that is pivotally mounted to the housing and is operatively associated with the main lever to cause pivoting thereof upon pivoting movement of the feedback lever by the feedback diaphragm. The device has means for selectively changing the device to be either direct acting or reverse acting by changing the position of the feedback lever and the flapper and without changing the position of the feedback diaphragm and the leakport.

Abstract: A thermostat construction having a valve unit for directing a pneumatic signal to a pneumatically operated control device in relation to the force differential between the temperature sensed by the temperature sensing unit thereof and the temperature setting of a temperature setting unit thereof, a lever being pivotally mounted to the construction and being operatively interconnected to the valve unit at a first portion of the lever and to the temperature setting unit and the temperature sensing unit at a second portion of the lever.

Abstract: A control device having a housing provided with a main lever pivotally mounted thereto by a pivot structure and being operatively associated with a flapper to move the same relative to a leakport in relation to pivotal movement of the main lever. The device has a feedback diaphragm operatively associated with a feedback lever that is pivotally mounted to the housing and is operatively associated with the main lever to cause pivoting thereof upon pivoting movement of the feedback lever by the feedback diaphragm. The device has means for selectively changing the device to be either direct acting or reverse acting.

Abstract: A pneumatic control system for controlling a pneumatically operated device in relation to the operation of a pneumatic signal sending thermostat and a pneumatic signal sending set point adjuster, the set point adjuster being adapted to direct its pneumatic signal to pneumatically operated temperature setting means of the thermostat to set the temperature sensor of the thermostat to a particular temperature thereof whereby a valve means of the thermostat is adapted to direct its pneumatic signal to the device to control the device in relation to the differential between the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor and the temperature setting thereof.

Abstract: A temperature sensing unit having a housing provided with a chamber therein leading from a temperature sensing area of the housing to a connector area of the housing and having an electrical temperature sensor disposed in the sensing area and interconnected by leads to electrical connectors disposed in the connector area with a preformed one-piece resilient sealing member being disposed in the chamber to sealingly seal itself to the housing and secure the sensor, leads and connectors in place, the sealing member having been formed separately from the leads, connectors, sensor and housing.

Abstract: A pneumatic control system for controlling a pneumatically operated device in relation to the operation of a pneumatic signal sending thermostat and a pneumatic signal sending set point adjuster, the set point adjuster being adapted to direct its pneumatic signal to pneumatically operated temperature setting means of the thermostat to set the thermostat to a particular temperature thereof whereby the thermostat is adapted to direct its pneumatic signal to the device to control the device in relation to the differential between the temperature sensed by the thermostat and the temperature setting thereof. The thermostat has an output chamber for directing its pneumatic signal and is disposed remote from the pneumatically operated temperature setting means thereof. The set point adjuster has a temperature sensor for changing its setting in relation to sensed temperature thereof.

Abstract: A heat exchange system having a source of heat exchange output fluid for effecting a heat exchange function and having a source of return fluid resulting from the output fluid providing its heat exchange function. A thermally operated element controls the amount of flow of the output fluid from the source in relation to the temperature of the thermally operated element. A sensing device senses the temperature effect of the heat exchange function in relation to a predetermined temperature that the heat exchange system is to provide, the sensing device directing one of the output fluid and the return fluid to the thermally operated element to cause the same to change the amount of flow of the output fluid when the temperature effect deviates from the predetermined temperature by a certain amount whereby the thermally responsive element is subject to a relatively wide swing in temperature for large control movement thereof in relation to a relatively narrow swing in temperature at the sensing device.