Abstract: A medical tool insertion simulation apparatus. The medical tool insertion simulation apparatus may comprise a syringe having an injection end, and an elongated member protruding from the injection end of the syringe. The elongated member may be configured to decrease a length of protrusion of the elongated member from the injection end of the syringe. The elongated member may be configured to receive at least one first sensor configured to indicate position information relating to the elongated member. At least one computer-readable storage medium encoded with executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method for simulating medical tool insertion. A medical tool insertion simulation system.

Abstract: The problem of infusing air into IV tubing and into a patient from a IV fluid bag inside a pressure infusion cuff is solved by collar embodiments that inhibit the air from being forced into the IV tubing. A collar can include one or more curved arms that create a channel in which that part of the fluid bag is protected against being squeezed by a pressure infusion cuff. A collar allows the fluid bag to be squeezed by the pressure infusion cuff until such time that the fluid level is sufficiently reduced that the collar can inhibit further pressure on the fluid bag by the pressure infusion cuff. Also disclosed is a fluid bag and a pressure infusion cuff that are modified to have a collar incorporated therewith.

Abstract: A medical tool insertion simulation apparatus. The medical tool insertion simulation apparatus may comprise a syringe having an injection end, and an elongated member protruding from the injection end of the syringe. The elongated member may be configured to decrease a length of protrusion of the elongated member from the injection end of the syringe. The elongated member may be configured to receive at least one first sensor configured to indicate position information relating to the elongated member. At least one computer-readable storage medium encoded with executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method for simulating medical tool insertion. A medical tool insertion simulation system.

Abstract: The problem of infusing air into IV tubing and into a patient from a IV fluid bag inside a pressure infusion cuff is solved by collar embodiments that inhibit the air from being forced into the IV tubing. A collar can include one or more curved arms that create a channel in which that part of the fluid bag is protected against being squeezed by a pressure infusion cuff. A collar allows the fluid bag to be squeezed by the pressure infusion cuff until such time that the fluid level is sufficiently reduced that the collar can inhibit further pressure on the fluid bag by the pressure infusion cuff. Also disclosed is a fluid bag and a pressure infusion cuff that are modified to have a collar incorporated therewith.