Abstract: A fusion method of satellite-based and ground-based lightning data includes S1, selecting valid data in the satellite-based and ground-based lightning data; S2, determining a time threshold for fusing the satellite-based and ground-based lightning data; S3, determining a spatial threshold for fusing the satellite-based lightning data and the ground-based lightning data; and S4, constructing a data fusion scheme to obtain a fused all lightning data set.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a battery pack to power an electric vehicle are provided. The battery pack can include a plurality of battery modules having a plurality of battery blocks. The battery blocks can include a plurality of cylindrical battery cells. A first current collector can include a conductive layer to couple the first current collector with positive terminals of the plurality of cylindrical battery cells. A second current collector can include a conductive layer to couple the second current collector with negative terminals of the plurality of cylindrical battery cells. The first current collector, second current collector, and an isolation layer can include a plurality of apertures to expose the positive terminals of the plurality of cylindrical battery cells. The positive terminals can extend through the plurality of apertures to couple with the conductive layer of the first current collector.

Abstract: Systems and methods to power an electric vehicle are provided. The system can include a battery pack having a plurality of battery modules, each of the of battery modules can include a plurality of battery blocks. The battery blocks can include a plurality of cylindrical battery cells. An integrated current collector device can be formed in a single structure and coupled with the plurality of cylindrical battery cells. The integrated current collector device can include a first current collector to couple with positive terminals of the cylindrical battery cells at first ends of the cylindrical battery cells and a second current collector to couple with negative terminals of the cylindrical battery cells at the first ends of the cylindrical battery cells. An isolation layer can be disposed between the first current collector and the second current collector to electrically isolate the first current collector from the second current collector.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, apparatuses, and methods of providing a centrifugally cast rotor assembly for an induction motor of an electric vehicle. The rotor assembly includes a rotor lamination stack with a cylindrical shape that terminates in a first end surface and a second end surface. The rotor lamination stack has multiple lamination discs, and each lamination disc has multiple rotor slots. The rotor assembly further includes copper bars disposed within the rotor slots, a first intermediary end ring disposed at the first end surface, and a second intermediary end ring disposed at the second end surface. A centrifugally cast first copper end ring that electrically and mechanically couples each of the copper bars is located proximate the first end surface, and a centrifugally cast second copper end ring that electrically and mechanically couples each of the copper bars is located proximate the second end surface.

Abstract: Systems and methods to power electric vehicles are disclosed. A battery pack to power an electric vehicle is provided. The battery pack residing in the electric vehicle. The battery pack can include a plurality of battery modules. Each of the plurality of battery modules can include a plurality of battery blocks. A first battery block can include a plurality of cylindrical battery cells. Each of the plurality of cylindrical battery cells can have a pair of battery cell terminals and can have a voltage of up to 5 volts across the pair of battery cell terminals. The plurality of cylindrical battery cells can be electrically connected in parallel within the first battery block. Each cylindrical battery cell of the plurality of cylindrical battery cells can be spatially separated from each of at least one adjacent cylindrical battery cell within the first battery block by less than 2 millimeter (mm).

Abstract: Provided herein are a heat sink module of an inverter module to power an electric vehicle. The heats sink module can include a heat sink body having a plurality of mounting holes, a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The heats sink module can include a cooling channel that can be fluidly coupled with the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. The heats sink module can include an insulator plate having a first surface and a second surface. The second surface of the insulator plate can couple with a joining surface of the heat sink body to seal the cooling channel. The heats sink module can include a heat sink lid disposed over the insulator plate. The heat sink lid can have a plurality of mounting feet to couple with the mounting holes of the heat sink body to secure the heat sink lid to the heat sink body.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, apparatuses, and methods of providing a centrifugally cast rotor assembly for an induction motor of an electric vehicle. The rotor assembly includes a rotor lamination stack with a cylindrical shape that terminates in a first end surface and a second end surface. The rotor lamination stack has multiple lamination discs, and each lamination disc has multiple rotor slots. The rotor assembly further includes copper bars disposed within the rotor slots, a first intermediary end ring disposed at the first end surface, and a second intermediary end ring disposed at the second end surface. A centrifugally cast first copper end ring that electrically and mechanically couples each of the copper bars is located proximate the first end surface, and a centrifugally cast second copper end ring that electrically and mechanically couples each of the copper bars is located proximate the second end surface.

Abstract: Provided herein is an inverter module that can include a first inverter cell and a second inverter cell, each including at least one transistor device, and a cold plate placed in contact with or proximate to the at least one transistor device. The cold plate can have a coolant channel through the cold plate. A connector can connect a coolant outlet of the cold plate of the first inverter cell to a coolant inlet of the cold plate of the second inverter cell in series, to form a continuous channel that extends from the first coolant inlet of the cold plate of the first inverter cell into the coolant channel of the cold plate of the second inverter cell. The coolant inlet of the cold plate of the first inverter cell can receive coolant fluid into the continuous channel.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, apparatuses, and methods of providing a centrifugally cast rotor assembly for an induction motor of an electric vehicle. The rotor assembly includes a rotor lamination stack with a cylindrical shape that terminates in a first end surface and a second end surface. The rotor lamination stack has multiple lamination discs, and each lamination disc has multiple rotor slots. The rotor assembly further includes copper bars disposed within the rotor slots, a first intermediary end ring disposed at the first end surface, and a second intermediary end ring disposed at the second end surface. A centrifugally cast first copper end ring that electrically and mechanically couples each of the copper bars is located proximate the first end surface, and a centrifugally cast second copper end ring that electrically and mechanically couples each of the copper bars is located proximate the second end surface.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, apparatuses, and methods of providing a centrifugally cast rotor assembly for an induction motor of an electric vehicle. The rotor assembly includes a rotor lamination stack with a cylindrical shape that terminates in a first end surface and a second end surface. The rotor lamination stack has multiple lamination discs, and each lamination disc has multiple rotor slots. The rotor assembly further includes copper bars disposed within the rotor slots, a first intermediary end ring disposed at the first end surface, and a second intermediary end ring disposed at the second end surface. A centrifugally cast first copper end ring that electrically and mechanically couples each of the copper bars is located proximate the first end surface, and a centrifugally cast second copper end ring that electrically and mechanically couples each of the copper bars is located proximate the second end surface.

Abstract: Provided herein are power converter of a drive unit for an electric vehicle. The power converter includes an inverter having a first transistor, a second transistor, and a capacitor, and a laminated bus-bar having a positive bus-bar segment, a negative bus-bar segment and a phase bus-bar segment. The positive bus-bar segment, the negative bus-bar segment, and the phase bus-bar segment can be disposed about the capacitor to form a lead frame coupled with the capacitor. The lead frame can include a first lead coupled with the first transistor. The first lead can include portions of the positive bus-bar segment and the phase bus-bar segment. The lead frame can include a second lead coupled with the second transistor. The second lead can include portions of the negative bus-bar segment and the phase bus-bar segment.

Abstract: Provided herein are power converter of a drive unit for an electric vehicle. The power converter includes an inverter having a first transistor, a second transistor, and a capacitor, and a laminated bus-bar having a positive bus-bar segment, a negative bus-bar segment and a phase bus-bar segment. The positive bus-bar segment, the negative bus-bar segment, and the phase bus-bar segment can be disposed about the capacitor to form a lead frame coupled with the capacitor. The lead frame can include a first lead coupled with the first transistor. The first lead can include portions of the positive bus-bar segment and the phase bus-bar segment. The lead frame can include a second lead coupled with the second transistor. The second lead can include portions of the negative bus-bar segment and the phase bus-bar segment.

Abstract: Provided herein is a power converter component to power a drive unit of an electric vehicle drive system. The power converter component includes an inverter module formed having three half-bridge modules arranged in a triplet configuration for electric vehicle drive systems. Positive inputs, negative inputs, and output terminals of the different half-bridge inverter modules are aligned with each other. The inverter module includes a positive bus-bar coupled with the positive inputs and a negative bus-bar coupled with the negative inputs of the half-bridge inverter modules. The positive bus-bar is positioned adjacent to and parallel with the negative bus-bar. The inverter module can be coupled with a drive train unit of the electric vehicle and provide three phase voltages to the drive train unit. Each of the half bridge modules can generate a single phase voltage and three half-bridge modules arranged in a triplet configuration can provide three phase voltages.

Abstract: Provided herein is a power converter component to power a drive unit of an electric vehicle drive system. The power converter component includes an inverter module formed having three half-bridge modules arranged in a triplet configuration for electric vehicle drive systems. Positive inputs, negative inputs, and output terminals of the different half-bridge inverter modules are aligned with each other. The inverter module includes a positive bus-bar coupled with the positive inputs and a negative bus-bar coupled with the negative inputs of the half-bridge inverter modules. The positive bus-bar is positioned adjacent to and parallel with the negative bus-bar. The inverter module can be coupled with a drive train unit of the electric vehicle and provide three phase voltages to the drive train unit. Each of the half bridge modules can generate a single phase voltage and three half-bridge modules arranged in a triplet configuration can provide three phase voltages.

Abstract: Provided herein is an inverter module to power an electric vehicle. The inverter module can include a power module or multiple power modules. The power module can include a capacitor and a heat sink coupled with the capacitor. The power module can include a ceramic plate coupled with the heat sink. The power module can include a locator having a plurality of slots and a plurality of transistors disposed within the plurality of slots. The locator and the plurality of transistors can be disposed over a first surface of the ceramic plate. The power module can include a laminated bus bar disposed over a first surface of the locator. The power module can include a gate drive printed circuit board coupled with the laminated bus bar. The power module can include a dielectric gel tray disposed over a first surface of the gate drive printed circuit board.

Abstract: Provided herein is an inverter module to power an electric vehicle. The inverter module can include a power module or multiple power modules. The power module can include a capacitor and a heat sink coupled with the capacitor. The power module can include a ceramic plate coupled with the heat sink. The power module can include a locator having a plurality of slots and a plurality of transistors disposed within the plurality of slots. The locator and the plurality of transistors can be disposed over a first surface of the ceramic plate. The power module can include a laminated bus bar disposed over a first surface of the locator. The power module can include a gate drive printed circuit board coupled with the laminated bus bar. The power module can include a dielectric gel tray disposed over a first surface of the gate drive printed circuit board.

Abstract: Provided herein is a power converter component to power a drive unit of an electric vehicle drive system. The power converter component includes an inverter module formed having three half-bridge modules arranged in a triplet configuration for electric vehicle drive systems. Positive inputs, negative inputs, and output terminals of the different half-bridge inverter modules are aligned with each other. The inverter module includes a positive bus-bar coupled with the positive inputs and a negative bus-bar coupled with the negative inputs of the half-bridge inverter modules. The positive bus-bar is positioned adjacent to and parallel with the negative bus-bar. The inverter module can be coupled with a drive train unit of the electric vehicle and provide three phase voltages to the drive train unit. Each of the half bridge modules can generate a single phase voltage and three half-bridge modules arranged in a triplet configuration can provide three phase voltages.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a battery pack to power an electric vehicle are provided. The battery pack can include a plurality of battery modules having a plurality of battery blocks. The battery blocks can include a plurality of cylindrical battery cells. A first current collector can include a conductive layer to couple the first current collector with positive terminals of the plurality of cylindrical battery cells. A second current collector can include a conductive layer to couple the second current collector with negative terminals of the plurality of cylindrical battery cells. The first current collector, second current collector, and an isolation layer can include a plurality of apertures to expose the positive terminals of the plurality of cylindrical battery cells. The positive terminals can extend through the plurality of apertures to couple with the conductive layer of the first current collector.

Abstract: Systems and methods to power an electric vehicle are provided. The system can include a battery pack having a plurality of battery modules, each of the of battery modules can include a plurality of battery blocks. The battery blocks can include a plurality of cylindrical battery cells. An integrated current collector device can be formed in a single structure and coupled with the plurality of cylindrical battery cells. The integrated current collector device can include a first current collector to couple with positive terminals of the cylindrical battery cells at first ends of the cylindrical battery cells and a second current collector to couple with negative terminals of the cylindrical battery cells at the first ends of the cylindrical battery cells. An isolation layer can be disposed between the first current collector and the second current collector to electrically isolate the first current collector from the second current collector.

Abstract: Provided herein are a heat sink module of an inverter module to power an electric vehicle. The heats sink module can include a heat sink body having a plurality of mounting holes, a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The heats sink module can include a cooling channel that can be fluidly coupled with the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. The heats sink module can include an insulator plate having a first surface and a second surface. The second surface of the insulator plate can couple with a joining surface of the heat sink body to seal the cooling channel. The heats sink module can include a heat sink lid disposed over the insulator plate. The heat sink lid can have a plurality of mounting feet to couple with the mounting holes of the heat sink body to secure the heat sink lid to the heat sink body.