Abstract: There is provided a microneedle apparatus 100 for engaging a surface, the apparatus 100 comprising a housing 104 comprising a socket 106; and a microneedle device 102 moveable within the socket 106, the microneedle device 102 comprising a substantially spherical substrate 102a and a plurality of microneedles 102b projecting from the substrate 102a, the microneedle device 102 being configured to move within the socket 106 and against the surface with 3-dimensional movements such that, in use, the plurality of microneedles 102b engage the surface. There is also provided a method of engaging a surface, such as by using the microneedle apparatus 100.

Abstract: There is provided a microneedle device comprising a substrate and a plurality of microneedles projecting from the substrate, the substrate being substantially spherical and wherein in use, the microneedle device has three-dimensional movement. There is also provided a method of forming the microneedle device of the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for fragmentation of time-associated streaming data. A producer application receives a stream of time-associated data. The producer application then generates a first fragment of the stream of time-associated data and assigns a first unique fragment identifier and a first timestamp to the first fragment. The producer application sends the first fragment via a network using an application-layer protocol to an endpoint. The producer application receives at least one acknowledgement for the first fragment from the endpoint via the network using the application-layer protocol.

Abstract: There is provided a microneedle device comprising a substrate and a plurality of microneedles projecting from the substrate, the substrate being substantially spherical and wherein in use, the microneedle device has three-dimensional movement. There is also provided a method of forming the microneedle device of the present invention.