Abstract: A substrate processing device. The device comprises: a first source supply unit; a second source supply unit; a first supply line for connecting the first source supply unit to a spraying unit; a second supply line for connecting the second source supply unit to the spraying unit; a mixing unit provided at the first supply line to be arranged between the first source supply unit and the spraying unit; a first connection line for connecting the second supply line to the first supply line and/or the mixing unit; and a first path change unit provided at a first connection point at which the first connection line is connected to the second supply line, wherein the first path change unit changes the flow path of a second source gas supplied from the second source supply unit.

Abstract: A battery system includes a battery pack; a plurality of relays that are connected to the battery pack; a relay driver that commonly drives a low side of the plurality of relays and drives each of the plurality of relays at a high side of each of the plurality of relays; and a battery management system that controls an operation of the relay driver, receives a voltage measured from one terminal of each of the plurality of relays, and diagnoses the relay driver based on the received voltage.

Abstract: A battery system includes a battery pack, relays connected to the battery pack, a high side driver (HSD) configured to apply a relay driving voltage to high sides of the relays, and a battery management system (BMS) configured to diagnose the HSD based on a voltage measured from first ends of the relays or the HSD.

Abstract: One or more embodiments provide a switch diagnosis device including: a switch in a current path at a high voltage side; a voltage-sensing circuit configured to generate a voltage signal by sensing a voltage across the switch at the high voltage side; a current-sensing circuit configured to generate a current signal by detecting a current flowing through the current path; a controller configured to: receive the voltage signal and the current signal, calculate contact resistance of the switch based on the received voltage signal and the received current signal, and diagnose a deterioration state of the switch based on the calculated contact resistance; and a first isolated communication circuit configured to transfer the voltage signal outputted from the voltage-sensing circuit to the controller at a low voltage side that is galvanically isolated from the high voltage side.

Abstract: A converter system for a vehicle including: a bi-directional converter electrically connected between a main battery and an auxiliary battery and configured to perform power conversion; a gate driver electrically connected to the bi-directional converter and configured to apply a PWM signal for controlling a driving mode of the bi-directional converter; a converter controller electrically connected to the gate driver and configured to apply a control signal for controlling driving of the gate driver; a control switch interposed between the converter controller and the gate driver and configured to connect or disconnect a connection between the converter controller and the gate driver; and a battery management system electrically connected to the gate driver through the control switch and configured to apply a control signal to control driving of the gate driver based on an abnormality in the converter controller.

Abstract: A driving control device for a relay for a battery pack, includes: a buck-boost converter to receive a voltage from an auxiliary battery, and output a buck-boost voltage; a feedback control circuit electrically connected to the buck-boost converter, and to transfer a feedback voltage to the buck-boost converter to control the buck-boost voltage output from the buck-boost converter; and a relay control circuit to apply or block the buck-boost voltage to a relay electrically connected to at least one of a positive electrode terminal or a negative electrode terminal of a main battery. The buck-boost converter is to output the buck-boost voltage according to the feedback voltage, and the buck-boost voltage has a smaller sustaining voltage for maintaining the relay in an on state than a first reference voltage for turning on the relay.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oxygen evolution catalyst having a core-shell structure including iridium oxide and ruthenium oxide and a method of preparing the same. More particularly, the method of preparing an oxygen evolution catalyst includes preparing a core including nickel sulfide, manufacturing nanoparticles by allowing a coating layer including iridium and ruthenium to grow on the surface of the core, and obtaining a catalyst by heat-treating the nanoparticles, in which the catalyst includes the core and a shell surrounding the surface of the core and including iridium oxide and ruthenium oxide.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery includes a polymer represented by Formula 1 below, wherein a and b are each independently an integer from 1 to 5, and n is an integer from 1 to 1,000. A lithium secondary battery includes the polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: A method of displaying a plurality of pages on a screen of a terminal is provided. The method includes detecting a user's gesture that requests movement of the plurality of pages, identifying a movement mode relating to the movement of the plurality of pages, and moving and displaying a first page displayed on the screen and a second page connected to the first page displayed on the screen according to the identified movement mode, wherein the movement mode is one of a discrete mode and a continuous mode.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an additive. The organic solvent includes a sulfur-containing compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a fluoroalkyl ether, and the additive includes a phosphazene compound represented by Chemical Formula 3. A rechargeable lithium battery including the electrolyte may have improved cycle-life characteristics and safety.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and an additive, where the additive includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1. A rechargeable lithium battery including the electrolyte includes a positive electrode including a positive active material, a negative electrode including a negative active material, and the electrolyte.

Abstract: In an aspect, an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery that includes a compound represented by Formula 1, a nonaqueous organic solvent, and a lithium salt, and a lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte are provided.

Abstract: A user terminal apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a display which displays a screen, a storage which stores at least one template for defining a layout according to which a plurality of application windows is arranged on the screen, a user interface which receives a user command, and a controller which controls the display to arrange and display the plurality of application windows based on a template selected by the user command from among the at least one template on the screen.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for converting and displaying execution screens of a plurality of applications included a device in which the plurality of applications are provided. The method includes displaying an execution screen of a first application from among the plurality of applications, receiving an external input corresponding to the first application, generating a list of the plurality of applications according to the external input, selecting a second application from among the plurality of applications by using the list, and displaying an execution screen of the second application.

Abstract: In an aspect, a rechargeable lithium battery that includes a positive electrode; negative electrode; a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and including a porous substrate and a coating layer formed on at least one side of the porous substrate; and an electrolyte including a lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and an additive is provided.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery including a lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and an additive, wherein the additive includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery includes a polymer represented by Formula 1 below, wherein a and b are each independently an integer from 1 to 5, and n is an integer from 1 to 1,000. A lithium secondary battery includes the polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte solution and a lithium battery using the same are disclosed. The organic electrolyte solution includes a lithium salt, an organic solution, a thiophene-based compound and a nitrile-based compound.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent and an additive. The organic solvent includes a sulfur-containing compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, and the additive includes a phosphazene compound represented by Chemical Formula 2. A rechargeable lithium battery including the electrolyte may have improved performance and safety. In Chemical Formulae 1 and 2, the substituents are as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: An additive, the additive being for an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and represented by Chemical Formula 1: R1 to R4 each independently being hydrogen or a non-polar hydrocarbon group, is disclosed. An electrolyte, the electrolyte being for a lithium secondary battery and including: a non-aqueous organic solvent; a lithium salt; and the additive is also disclosed. A lithium secondary battery including: a positive electrode; a negative electrode facing the positive electrode; and a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the separator being impregnated with an electrolyte including the additive, is also disclosed.