Abstract: Generally, the present invention relates to patterning techniques for creating nanoscale features on a substrate. The invention offers an improved method over traditional e-beam or photolithographic techniques and uses atomic layer deposition (ALD) chemistries and a source of high-energy ions. These either as focused or a flood of ions facilitate ALD deposition by providing additional energy to the reaction or, more significantly, can form part of the final chemical structure of the ALD coating. Additional embodiments include using ion beam-assisted ALD to deposit a seed layer for subsequent thermal ALD processes, and ion beam-assisted molecular layer deposition chemistries (MLD) for direct patterning of organic and/or inorganic long-chain macromolecules (e.g., polymers, proteins, peptides and polysaccharides). A further embodiment combines both ALD and MLD methods to allow fabrication of unique hybrid metal, semiconductor or dielectric ALD and organic or inorganic MLD films.

Abstract: The present invention relates to double-tilt specimen holders of the side-entry type for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The invention uses Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and Piezoelectric Transducer (PZT) technology to create a digitally programmable dynamically tilting specimen holder integrated into a standard transmission electron microscope stage. In this invention, specimens can be tilted using a MEMS/PZT-actuated specimen holder to between 10 and 25° for stereo pairs and at higher angles (up to 90°) for tomography applications. In one embodiment, the specimen cradle may be effectively rotated 360° about the Y axis, enabling virtually the complete three-dimensional mapping of a specimen.

Abstract: The present invention disclosure relates to the use of a silicon substrate with a thin film membrane as a transparent substrate for the imaging of biological- and material-related specimens using a microscope such as a transmission electron microscope (TEM). More specifically, the present invention relates to an improved substrate design that incorporates the fabrication of a circular shape that allows easier insertion into traditional specimen holders used in TEMs. In addition to an improved shape, the present invention incorporates microscopic surface texture on the gripping surface that assists in handling. The invention also encompasses surface modification techniques for enhanced biocompatibility of the thin film membrane for biomedical applications.